Chapter 1
Biology & Chemistry 101 with Cherry-vogt at University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
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By: Britt Dee
Created: 2012-01-30
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2012-01-30
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 10
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Biology
the scientific study of life
organisms as structures of increasing size and complexity
atoms. molecules. organelles. cells. tissues. organs. organ systems. organism. population. community. ecosystem. biosphere.
cells
the basic unit of life
emergent properties
when smaller components interact, they create new complex functions called...
define: life
no simple definition of life
living and nonliving organisms share some characteristics, what are they...
growth. metabolism. movement. reproduction. response to external environment
all living organisms require...
energy. maintain homeostasis. reproduce.
populations of living organisms...
can evolve, change in average physical characteristics over time
observation
initially, scientists make an _________ that leads them to a question they want to answer
the question a scientist wants to answer...
hypothesis
what two things must the hypothesis be?
testable and falsifiable
inductive reasoning
logical process that argues from specific instances to a general conclusion
deductive reasoning
making predictions about the outcome of a test, sometimes "if...then" statements
hypothesis testing logic
rejected. supported (not proven). never 100% sure. alternative hypothesis. always keep testing.
experiments
contrived situations designed to test specific hypotheses
variable
a scientist can manipulate the environment with these...something that is changeable in an experiment.
data
supporting evidence and is used to accept or reject the hypothesis
cell
viruses need to enter a _____ to reproduce
germ theory
it conforms to a well accepted scientific principle, scientists believe that colds are caused by viruses, which are microorganisms.
scientific theory
is an explanation of a set of related observations based on well supported hypotheses from several different, independent lines of research
the theory of evolution
all organisms derive from a single common ancestor and have changed and diverged through time, fundamental theory of biology,
experiments
how scientists gain evidence to objectively support a hypothesis, or fail to support
controlled experiments
to be sure that the experiment is unbiased
independent variable
the factor that is being tested
dependent variable
the factor that is affected by the independent variable-this is what is measured
standardized variables
the factors that are held constant for both groups in the experiment
control
the subject or group that is similar in every way to the experimental subject or group except that the control does not get the experimental treatment. act as baseline measurements. compare to experimental group
placebo
the "pill" that only acts as the treatment. not the actual treatment. given to the control group.
eliminate bias,
select groups at random
random assignment
ensures that each groups is relatively balanced in characteristics
good controls=strong inference
a strong statement about the truth of a given hypothesis possible when an experimental protocol greatly minimizes the number of alternative hypotheses that can explain a result
bias
human influence from the researchers or their subjects may unfairly influence...
observer bias
a researcher making consistent errors in the measuring and evaluation of results
blind experiment
avoids this by not letting the subjects know what experience is being predicted
double-blind experiment
both groups are unaware of either the hypothesis or whether the subjects are in the experimental group or control group
correlation
a relationship in the data. correlation does not mean causation
statistics
specialized branch of math, to determine significance of results
samples
small groups that are tested
statistical tests
used to extend the results from a sample to the entire population
sampling error
the effect of chance on experimental results is...
statistically significant
low probability that experimental groups differ simply by chance. Stats can't tell if an experiment was valid, only validate the data
peer review
researchers can submit a paper to a professional journal, paper is reviewed, it is rejected or returned for changes
primary source
how a peer review paper is submitted
secondary sources
bring published information to the public: newspaper and magazines, television and radio, the internet
Anecdotal evidence
based on experience not experimental data
water
for a planet to support life, an abundant amount of this liquid would have to be available
solute
what is being
About this deck
By: Britt Dee
Created: 2012-01-30
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2012-01-30
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 10
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis