Chapter 10
General Education 130 with Deller at University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
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By: LeeAnn Kurschner
Created: 2010-12-09
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 39
Created: 2010-12-09
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 39
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social stratification
the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group
slavery
a form of social stratification in which some people own other people
bonded labor or indentured service
a contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is voluntarily entered into
ideology
beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements
caste system
a form of social stratification in which one's status is determined by birth and is lifelong
endogamy
the practice of marrying within one's own group
apartheid
the seperation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa
estate stratification system
the stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates: the nobility, clergy, and commoners
class system
a form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions
social mobility
movement up or down the social class ladder
means of production
the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth
bourgeoisie
Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production
proletariat
Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
class consciousness
Marx's term for awareness of a common identity based on one's position in the means of production
false class consciousness
Marx's term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists
meritocracy
a form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit
divine right of kings
the idea that the king's authority comes directly from God
colonialism
the process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources
world system theory
economic and political connections that tie the world's countries together
globalization of capitalism
capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system
culture of poverty
the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor are different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing theses characteristics to their children
neocolonialism
the economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations
multinational corporations
companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations
social class
according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, prestige, and power; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production and workers who sell their labor
property
material possessions
wealth
the total value of everything someone owns, minus the debts
income
money received, usually from a job, business, or assets
prestige
respect or regard
power
the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others
power elite
C. Wright Mills' term for the top people in U.S. corporations, military, and politics who make the nation's major decisions
status consistency
ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class
status inconsistency
ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others, also called status discrepancy
status
the position that someone occupies in society or a social group
anomie
Durkheim's term for a condition in which people become detached from the norms that usually guide their behavior
contradictory class locations
Erik Wright's term for a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests
underclass
a group of people for whom poverty persists year after year and across generations
intergenerational mobility
the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next
upward social mobility
movement up the social class ladder
downward social mobility
movement down the social class ladder
poverty line
the official measure of poverty; calculated to include incomes that are less than three times a low-cost food budget
structural mobility
movement up or down the social class ladder because of changes in the structure of society, not to individual efforts
exchange mobility
about the same numbers of people moving up and down the social class ladder, such that, on balance, the social class system shows little change
feminization of poverty
a trend in U.S. poverty whereby most poor families are headed by women
culture of poverty
the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children
deferred gratification
forgoing something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future
Horatio Alger myth
the belief that due to limitless possibilities anyone can get ahead if he or she tried hard enough
About this deck
By: LeeAnn Kurschner
Created: 2010-12-09
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 39
Created: 2010-12-09
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 39
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy