Chapter 10
Exercise And Sport Science 350 with Manfredonia at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: joe smith
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 27
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what part of the spine consists of vertebral bodies?
anterior portion-2 intervertebral bodies,disc,longitudinal ligaments
what is i nthe posterior portion of the lumbar spine?
vertebral arches, facet or zygopophyseal joints, transverse and spinous process, ligaments
what is a bone spur?
when there is bone on bone contact
what goes through the neural foraman?
peripheral nerves
what part of the lumbar spine, bears compressive loads and becomes larger caudaally
anterior portion vertebral body
is the nucleus pulposus more posterior or anterior in the lumbar spine?
posterior
what does the nucleus pulposus do when there is a load?
acts hydrostatically and allows even distribution of the load
when you bend backwars which way do the NP go?
anteriorly
how are the facet joints oriented in the lumbar spine?
45 in frontal
90 in transverse
what do the facet joints in the posterior portion of the lumbar spine allow?
flexion, extension but hardly any rotation
when are the facets load-bearing function highest?
during extension
where are forward bending and rotation highest loads at?
within the disc
how much % water are the discs?
75-95%
what forces do the vertebral arch ad intervertebral joints resist?
shear forces
what are the TP and SP attached to?
spinal muscles
how are the facet joints oriented in each spinal segment?
cervical-Frontal-0, transverse-45
thoracic- frontal-20 transverse-60
lumbar- frontal-45 transverse-90
is the ligamentum flavum high in collagen content?
no, but all other spinal ligaments are
what does the high collagen content of the spinal ligaments do?
limits extensibility creating stability
what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do?
protects back portion of disc
what happens if LF thickens?
less room for nerve
what does the ligamentum flavum do?
contracts during extension(along with PLL)
-elongates during flexion
-under constant tension during neutral spine
-helps create pressure in the disc for support of spine
what is a neutral spine?
no flexion or extension in middle, constant tension, no bone contact
what are the flexor muscles of the lumbar spine?
abs and psoas
what are the lateral muscles of the lumbar spine
QL, obliques
what are the extensors of the spine?
erector spinae, multifidus, intertransversii
what are major supporters of the spine?
multifidus, Transverse abdominus
how do you activate multifidus?
lie on floor, bend knees thrust up
how is the static of the lumbar spine oriented?
S-shape: cerv lordosis thor kyphois, lumbar lordosis
-allows more shock absorption versus a straight spine
what is a vertebral plasty?
inject VB with glue or cement
explain standing in the lumbar spine
postural muscles are active, COG of trunk is ventral of L4, creating forward bending, increasing post ligament and muscle activity
what is postural sway?
sacral tilt normally of 30 degrees
what happens when the sacrum tilts forward?
increases angle and accentuate the lumbar spine lordisus?
what does the forward sacral tilt do to the ilopsoas?
shortens
what is sacral backward tilting?
decreases angle and lumbar lordosis decreases, shortening hamstrings
how is the line of gravity oriented in the forward bending moment
usually ventral to the transverse axis of motion of the spine thus the spine is subject to a constant forward bending moment
what are the normal angles of the lubrosacral angle, sacral angle, pelvic angle?
LS-140
sacral-30
pelvic-30
what happens when the pelvis tilts backward to the sacral angle?
it reduces it and flattens the lumbar spine
what happens to the sacral angle when the pelvis tilts forward
increases it and accentuates lumbar lordosis
in a normal spine where are the instant center points?
fall within a small area in the disc
in a degenerative spine where are the instant center point?
displaced and hence the surface motion was abnormal
are compressive forces higher in nuclues pulposos or annulous fibrosis?
NP
in forward bending how do the annulus fibrosis and nuclues pulposes act?
more compressive forces anteriorly and tension posteriorly, annulus bulges forward and nucleus backwards
how are the loads in standing sitting and reclining?
reclined-low load
standing-medium
sitting-high loads because your sitting on lumbar spine
what is the percentager to relaxed standing in lying supine?
20%
what is the percentage for sitting with max flexion?
166%
does supine posistions with legs extended have higher loads than legs bent?
yes because the iloapsoas and discs are relaxed
when do the highest loads on the spine occur?
when lifting, flexion and rotational movements also creat great loads
what influence the loads on the spine?
posistion of the object relative to center of motion of spine
-size, shape and weight of objec
-degree of flexion and spine rotation
-rate of loading
in full nonforced trunk flexion how is the ES-superficial activity? (EMG)
silent
in full nonforced trunk flexion how are the erecto spinae deep and QL EMG activity?
very active to counterbalce trunnk flexion
in walking where are there maximal loads in lumbar spine
toe off
which muscles are most active in walking for lumbar spine?
trunk extensors
what increases compressive loads in walking for lumbar spine
limited arm swing also faster walking speed
what is the superman exercise of the lumbar spine?
high activation of ES muscles, high stress on spinous process, should put pillow underneath becausre it decreases the arch
what does a full sit up do to the lumbar spine?
produces higher load in lumbar spine, crunches are less
what does a reverse curl do to the lumbar spine?
can be as effective with muscle activation than a sit upo with less load on lumbar spine
what does intra-abdominal pressure do?
unloads and creats stability of spine,caused by dispragm, abs and pelvic floor
-contraction creates extensor moment decreasing compressive forces
when we bend foreward how does the NP migrate?
posteriorly, when we extend it goes forward
what is mckenzie treatment?
determines bias on reducing pair
is lumbar bracing effective?
not preventative, may give false sense of security
what protrusion, prolapse, extrusion and sequestration of the NP
protrusion-same as bulging disc, bulges into AF
prolaps-bulges out
extrusion-AF fibers disrupted
sequ-free nucleur mater
what is spinal stenosis?
bone spur/disc do more flexion, if disc extends
whats is spondylolisthesus? contradicitons?
vertebral body on top of each other, more forward, grades 1-4
what does flat foot cause for the lumbar spine?
a biomech event, left at right foot rotation in relation to the body
name the myotomes for l2-s1
L2-hip flex
L3-knee extension
L4-Ankle DF
L5-Big toe ext
S1-knee flex/ ankle PF
what is the thomas test
used to rule out hip flexion, lying suping bringing knee to chest other extended, if opposing leg cant be kept extended then test is positive
if you have left over foot pronation which way does it rotate the vertabrae to?
right
where is the cog of the trunk
ventral L4
About this deck
By: joe smith
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj