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Chapter 10
Biology 221 with Walters at Purdue University
About this deck
By: Amber Nolder
Created: 2011-06-18
Size: 100 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-06-18
Size: 100 flashcards
Views: 8
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adenovirus
a medium sized, naked DNA virus that is highly resistant to chemical agents and often causes respiratory infections or diarrhea
adsorption
the attachment of the virus to the host cell in the replication process
arenavirus
an enveloped rna virus that causes Lassa fever and certain other hemorrhagic fevers
bacterial lawn
a uniform layer of bacteria grown on the agar surface in a petri dish
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
benign
not harmful
bunyavirus
an enveloped RNA virus that causes some forms of respiratory distress and hemorrhagic fever
burst size
the number of new virions released in the replication process
burst time
the time from absorption to release of phages
cancer
an uncontrolled, invasive growth of abnormal cells
capsid
the protein coating of a virus, which protects the nucleic acid core from the environment and usually determines the shape of the virus.
capsomere
a protein aggregate that makes up a viral capsid
cell culture
a culture in the form of a monolayer from dispersed cells and continuous cultures of cell suspensions
cell strain
dominant cell type resulting from subculturing
complex virus
A virus, such as a bacteriophage or poxvirus that has an envelope or specialized structures
continuous cell line
cell culture consisting of cells that can be propagated over many generations
cytopathic effect
the visible effect viruses have on cells
diploid fibroblast strain
a culture derived from fetal tissues that retains fetal capacity for rapid, repeated cell divisions
DNA tumor virus
an animal virus capable of causing tumors
eclipse period
period during which viruses have absorbed to and penetrated host cells but cannot yet be detected in cells
emerging virus
viruses that were previously endemic or had "cross-species barriers" and expanded their host range to other species
enterovirus
one of the three major groups of picornaviruses that can infect nerve and muscle cells, the respiratory tract lining, and skin
envelope
a bilayer membrane found outside the capsid of some viruses, acquired as the virus buds through one of the host's membranes
enveloped virus
a virus with a bilayer membrane outside its capsid
filoviruses
a filamentous virus that displays unusual variability in shape. two filoviuruses, the ebola virus and the marburg virus have been associated with human disease
flavivrus
a small, enveloped, sense rna virus that causes a variety of encephalitides, including yellow fever
genome
the genetic information in an organism or virus
glycoprotein
a long, spikelike molecule made of carbohydrate and protein that projects beyond the surface of a cell or viral envelope; some viral glycoproteins attach the virus to receptor sites on host cells, while others aid fusion of viral and cellular membranes
hepadnavirus
a small, enveloped dna virus with circular dna, one such virus causes hepatitis b
hepatitis delta virus
severe type of hepatitis caused by presence of both hepatitis d and hepatitis b viruses
hepatovirus
one of the three major groups of picornaviruses that can infect nerve and is responsible for causing hepatitis a
herpesvirus
a relatively large, enveloped dna virus that can remain latent in host cells for long periods of time
host range
the different types of organisms that a microbe can infect
induction
the stimulation of a temperate phage to excise itself from the host chromosome and initiate a lytic cycle of replication
latency
the ability of a virus to remain in host cells for long periods of time while retaining the ability to replicate
latent period
period of a bacteriophage growth curve that spans the time from penetration through biosynthesis
lysogen
the combination of a bacterium and a temperate phage
lysogenic conversion
the ability of a prophage to prevent additional infections of the same cell by the same type of phage' also the conversion of a non toxin-producing bacterium into a toxin-producing one by a temperate phage
lysogeny
the ability of temperate bacteriophages to persist in a bacterium by the integration of the viral dna into the host chromosome and without the replication of new viruses or cell lysis
lytic cycle
the sequence of events in which a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell, replicates, and eventually causes lysis of the cell
lytic phage
virulent phage
malignant
relating to a tumor that is cancerous
maturation
the process by which complete virions are assembled from newly synthesized components in the replication process
metastasize
relating to the spread of malignant tumors to other body tissues
monolayer
a suspension of cells that attach to plastic or glass surfaces as a sheet one cell layer thick
naked virus
a virus that lacks an envelope
negative sense rna
an rna strand made up of bases complementary to these of a positive sense strand
neoplasm
a localized tumor
neoplastic transformation
the uncontrollable division of host cells caused by infection with a dna tumor virus
nucleocapsid
the nucleic acid and capsid of a virus
obligate intracellular parasite
an organism or virus that can live or multiply only inside a living host cell
oncogene
a cancer causing gene
orthomyxoviurs
a medium-sized, enveloped rna virus that varies in shape from spherical to filamentous and has an affinity for mucus
papovavirus
a small, naked dna virus that causes both benign and malignant warts in humans; some types cause cervical cancer
paramyxovirus
a medium sized enveloped rna virus that has an affinity for mucus
parvovirus
a small, naked dna virus
penetration
the entry of the virus into the host cell in the replication process
phage therapy
the use of highly specific viruses that attack only the targeted bacteria and leave potentially beneficial bacteria that normally inhabit the human digestive tract and other locations alive
picornavius
a small, naked rna virus; different genera are responsible for polio the common cold, and hepatitis
plaque
a clean area in a bacterial lawn culture where viruses have lysed cells
plaque assay
a viral assay used to determine viral yield by culturing viruses on a bacterial lawn and counting plaques
plaque-forming unit
a plaque counted on a bacterial lawn that gives only an approximate number of phages present, because a given plaque may have been due to more than one phage
positive sense rna
an rna strand that encodes information for making proteins needed by a virus
poxvirus
DNA virus that is the largest and most complex of all viruses
primary cell culture
a culture that comes directly from an animal and is not subcultured
prion
an exceedingly small infections particle consisting of protein without any nucleic acid
prophage
the dna of a lysogenic phage that has integrated into the host cell chromosome
proto-oncogene
a normal gene that can cause cancer in uncontrolled situations; often the normal gene comes under the control of a virus
provirus
viral dna that is incorporated into a host-cell chromosome
release
the exit from the host cell of new virions, which usually kills the host cell
reovirus
a medium-sized rna virus that has a double capsid with no envelope; causes upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans
replication curve
a description of viral growth based on observations of phage-infected bacteria in laboratory cultures
replication cycle
the series of steps of virus replication in a host cell
retrovirus
an enveloped rna virus that uses its own reverse transcriptase to transcribe its rna into dna in the cytoplasm of the host cell
reverse transcriptase
an enzyme found in retroviruses that copies rna into dna
rhabdovirus
a rod-shaped, enveloped rna virus that infects insects, fish, various other animals, and some plants
rhinovirus
a virus that replicates in cells of the upper respiratory tract and causes the common cold
rna tumor virus
any retrovirus that causes tumors and cancer
satellite virus
small, single stranded rna molecules, usually 500 to 2000 nucleotides in length, which lack genes required for their replication, they require a helper virus to replicate
satellite nucleic acid
small, single stranded rna molecules that lack genes required for their replication. they require a helper virus to replicate
spike
a glycoprotein projection that extends from the viral capsid or envelope and is used to attach to or fuse with host cells
subculturing
the process by which cells from an existing culture are transferred to fresh medium in new containers
syncytia
a multinucleate mass in a cell culture, for example, that caused by the respiratory syncytial
synthesis
the step of viral replication during which new nucleic acids an viral proteins are made
temperate phage
a bacteriophage that does not cause a virulent infection; rather its dna is incorporated into the host cell chromosome, as a prophage, and replicated with the chromosome
teratogen
an agent that induces defects during embryonic development
teratogenesis
the induction of defects during embryonic development
tissue culture
culture made form a single tissue, assuring a reasonably homogenous set of cultures in which to test the effects of a virus or to culture an organism
togavirus
a small, enveloped rna virus that multiplies in many mammaliam and arthropod cells
TORCH series
a group of blood tests used to identify teratogenic disease in pregnant women and newborn infants
tumor
an uncontrollable division of cells, often caused by viral infection
uncoating
process in which protein coats of animal viruses that have entered cells are removed by proteolytic enzymes
viral specificity
refers tot he specific types of cells within an organism that a virus can infect.
viral yield
same as burst size
virion
a complete virus particle, including its envelope if it has one
viroid
an infections rna particle, smaller than a virus and lacking a capsid, that causes various plant diseases
virulent phage
a bacteriophage that enters the lytic cycle when it infects a bacterial cell, causing eventual lysis and death of the host cell
virus
a submicroscopic, parasitic, acellular, microorganism composed of a nucleic acid core inside a protein coat
virusoid
small rna molecules that lack genes required for their replication, they require a helper virus to replicate
About this deck
By: Amber Nolder
Created: 2011-06-18
Size: 100 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-06-18
Size: 100 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj