Chapter 11-Cancer in Children

Pathophysiology Nr281 with Larocco at Chamberlain College of Nursing

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By: Maria Pagonis
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 22 flashcards
Views: 28

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incidence

2nd leading cause of death in children
9500 children up to age 15 are diagnosed annually
1 in every 900 people between the ages of 15-45 will be a survivor of childhood cancer
-having cancer in childhood increases^ yr risk for cancer later in life

most childhood cancers originate from what germ layer?

mesodermal germ layer

gives rise to connective tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle,blood,blood vessels,gonads, kidneys, and lymphatic system

when are childhood cancers mostly diagnosed?

during peak times of physical growth and maturation

what are the most common childhood cancers?

leukemias, sarcomas, and embryonic tumors

embryonic tumors

diagnosed early in life, can begin to develop before your born
originate during uterine life
immature embryonic tissue unable to mature or differentiate into fully developed cells

leukemia

most common malignancy in children
children with down syndrome have a 10-20 times GREATER risk for developing

sarcoma

bone tumors
osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma(common sites include the femur, pelvis, and humerus)
-possible amputations

other common cancers

neuroblastoma
wilm's tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma
retinoblastoma

ecogenetics

commplex interaction of both genetic and environmental factors

genetic factors

chromosome abnormalities
-aneuploidy, amplifications, deletions, translocations and fragility

oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes

-more than 150 single-gene defects
-have been associated with the development of childhood&adult cancers
-oncogenes-> mutated genes

environmental factors

prenatal exposure
nutritional and diet
childhood exposure
anabolic androgenic steroids
epstein-barr virus and AIDS

prenatal exposure

what types of exposures was the mother exposed to during pregnancy such as drugs and ionizing radiation, nutrition and diet

childhood exposure

increase susceptibility to specific cancers
-drugs, second hand smoke, ionizing radiation, viruses

anabolic androgenic steroids

cytotoxic agents used during treatment of pediatric cancers can predispose them to leukemia in later years, immunosuppressive agents ( transplant surgeries)

epstein-barr virus and AIDS

the strongest carcinogenic relationship although the association to viruses and childhood cancer is NOT strong

Prognosis

5 year survival rate nearly 80%

true/false Are children more responsive and better able to tolerate treatments?

true

T/F are children more likely to be enrolled in clinical trials

TRUE

residual and long term effects of treatment

increased chance of developing a second malignancy later in life

pyschologic sequelae

genetic counseling for those children cure of cancers known to be transmitted genetically

About this deck

By: Maria Pagonis
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 22 flashcards
Views: 28

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis