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- University of Vermont
- Psychology
- Psychology 104
- Garavan
- Chapter 11: Language and Speech
Chapter 11: Language and Speech
Psychology 104 with Garavan at University of Vermont
About this deck
By: Amanda Aguzzi
Created: 2011-04-17
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 20
Created: 2011-04-17
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 20
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Speech Signal
Acoustic stimulus that consists of an ordered string of small components. Phonemes and morphemes
Speech Production
placement and movement of tongue, modulation of amount, pattern, and rate of air flow
Phonemes
consonants and vowel combinations
Sounds used to differentiate meaning in any particular language
Morphemes
Words -consonants and vowels
larger, meaningful units
Syntax
Words are contained within a sentence structure organized according to a set of rules which provide contextual meaning
Prosodic contour
Linguistic stream contained within a larger waveform
Stops
Stopping the airflow
b, p, t
Fricatives
Forcing the airflow
f, s
Speech Recognition
Requires the perception of this series of overlapping subunits of the message
Prelexical
Before meaning
Look at physical features of sound pattern to identify demarcation between units
Lexical
Meaning
System segments the speech waveform by breaking it into units that sound like words
Bottom up
Physical nature of incoming information determines the segments
Top down
System utilizes known word sound patterns to segment speech
Categorical Perception
Top down, holistic perception of the fundamental sound unit
Initial curved portion of phonemes determine perception of sound
Formants
Speech signals two bands of concentrated energy
Preservation of Constancy
Person walks away – do not appear to shrink in size despite the fact that their image diminished on our retina
Perceive speech despite noise
Parallel Transmission
Two phonemes that do not involve identical motor actions that can be produced
Surface Structure
Actual, final sentences
Deep Structure
Kernel thought- allows idea to be communicated in a variety of different sentences
Noun Phrase
Modifier (adjective, adverb, article) and noun
NP= Art + N
Verb Phrase
Verb and noun
VP= V + NP
Sentence phrase structure
Organization of units
S= Np + VP
Garden-Path Model
Syntax causes us to understand the sentence in a way that drives interpretation
Syntactical and structural organization --> meaning
Parsing
Breaking sentences in to phrases
Interactive Model
Syntax, semantics and memory all contribute to interpretation
N400 Wave
Negative deflection of the cortical evoked potential that occurs around 400 msec after the onset of a stimulus
Semantic anomaly - unexpected meanings
P600 Wave
Sentences lead readers down inconsistent path
Discourse
A story in a group of sentences forming paragraphs
Construction Integration Model
The meaning of a phrase is first constructed in the form of a network or word associates combined with intersections and nodes, which represent concepts or propositions.
text, textbase, situation
Text Level
Narrative - activates 2 schemas simultaneously
Textbase level
Bottom up analysis of the syntactic organization of a sentence
Situation level
The individual’s knowledge base and inferences regarding the meaning of the sentences
Understands in larger context of narrative - top down
Inference Making
Takes more time to determine the meaning of the word
Target word
Strong associate
synonym of ambiguous word
Predictive Inference
Individual can make predictions about events
right hemisphere
Coherence Inference
Something must have happened. Fill in gap
Left hemisphere
About this deck
By: Amanda Aguzzi
Created: 2011-04-17
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 20
Created: 2011-04-17
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 20
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj