chapter 11
Biological Sciences 183 with Grant at North Carolina State University
About this deck
By: Brooke Harrington
Created: 2011-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
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transformation
a type of genetic transfer between bacteria in which a segment of DNA from the environment is taken up by a competent cell and incorporated into the bacterial chromosome
bacteriophage
A virus that infects a bacteria
nucleotide
an organic molecule having three components:
one or more phosphategroups, a five carbon sugar and a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms known as a base
phosphodiester linkage
refers to a double linkage that holds together adjacent nucleotides in DNA and RNA strands.
Chargaff's rule
A pairs with T
G pairs with C
Keeps width consistent
10 base pairs per turn
semiconservative repliation
the correct model for DNA replication, double-stranded DNA is half conserved following replication, resulting in new double-stranded DNA constaining one parental strand and one daughter strand
DNA polymerase
an enzyme responsible for convalently linking nucleotides together during DNA replication
Telomerase
an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of the telomere
chromatin
refers to the biochemical composition of chromosomes, which contain DNA and many types of proteins
nucleosome
a structural unit of eukaryotic chromosomes comppsed of an octamer of histones wrapped in DNA
the 30 nanometer fiber
nucleosome units organized into a more compact structure that is 30 nm in diameter
Genetic material criteria
transformation
variation
replication
Fredrick Griffith
Genetic material from the heat-killed type
S bacteria had been transferred to the
living type R bacteria
This trait gave them the capsule and was
passed on to their offspring
Griffith did not know the biochemical basis
of his transforming principl
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
1940s interested in bacterial transformation
Only purified DNA from type S could transform
type R
Purified DNA might still contain traces of
contamination that may be the transforming
principle
Added DNase, RNase and proteases
RNase and protease had no effect
With DNase no transformation
DNA is the genetic materia
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Used labeled T2 bacteriphage
Phage coat made entirely of protein
DNA found inside capsi
Results support DNA as the genetic materia
James Watson and Francis Crick
1953, James Watson and Francis Crick, with
Maurice Wilkins, proposed the structure of the
DNA double helix
Watson and Crick used Linus Pauling’s method
of working out protein structures using simple
ball-and-stick models
Linus Pauling
Watson and Crick used Linus Pauling’s method
of working out protein structures using simple
ball-and-stick model
Erwin Chargaff
analyzed base
composition of DNA
of many different
species
Results consistently
showed that amount
of adenine similar to
the amount of
thymine and amount
of cytosine similar to
amount of guanine
Rosalind Franklin
X-ray diffraction results
suggested a helical structure with uniform
diameter
DNA- Components
Phosphate group
pentose sugar (deoxyribose)
nitrogenous base
RNA - components
Phosphate group
pentose sugar (ribose)
nitrogenous base
Purines
adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyrimidines (DNA)
Cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
Pyrimidines (RNA)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
DNA wrapping
dna wrapped around histones to form nucleosome
shortens length 7-fold
Radial loop domains
interaction btwn 30nm dibers and nuclear matrix
About this deck
By: Brooke Harrington
Created: 2011-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
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