Chapter 12: Gothic Art

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this is a view from the top, as if the arch is laid out flat on the ground Slide: Ambulatory with groin vault Shows the ribs one of the vault bays The point arch allows the architects to build in any shape Goths main reasons to build in this style are the desire to build lighter and to dissolve the walls to replace them with glass windows Slide: Ambulatory The columns have single piers and slim because of the structural innovation of the vaulting because they are not so heavy and this seems open and light comes in Slide: Ambulatory Lots of window gives the illusion of open space so they kind of become glass wall instead of windows because they are so big Slide: Ambulatory He has an interest in light he saw the light in symbolic mode as God's light coming in Dionysius in France was id with Saint_Denis (which is the Latin version of Denis) Sugre thought the Dion wrote and he associated Dion with S. Denis These mystical lighting about light were available to him in the library, he places a lot of value in light and number systems He wanted to transforms the spaces of the church into some strange region of the univ that neither exists on the slime of the earth or the heavens in the universe so that for a moment while you're in it you can forget about the world outside and get a taste of the heavens Slide: West facade Problem with the facade the portals have been damaged and replaced through the years The 19th century restoration was a disaster Slide: Cathedral of Notre -Dame Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, later on a fire destroyed the wets facade Spires are the spiral tower on the roof, the reason they are different is because the one on the left was completed much, much later Slide: West Portal (Royal Portal) Here we see away from the demonic aspects of Romanesque and more kindler gentler peaceful way; you can see both of these in Christianity but here is just accentuating a different part The jams figures will change into free standing figures and have more real life faces The four Evangelists are around God on the top center (a winged ox, and a winged lion, an angel and a bird) The lintel on the middle portal has the 12 apostles On the right one has the birth of Christ on the bottom lintel; presentation in the temple in the middle, and Christ on the lap pf the virgin on top The certicallity of Christ gives the idea of the Virgins the embodiment of the church On the left portal we have the sign of the zodiac Slide: West portal differences The one on the right is more realistic, the one on the left it has more of a geometric form, the one on the right is more 3D Slide: West Portal The jambs are not separated they go around and come together across the portal, they represent the kings and queens and prophets of the bible Slide: Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris Transept protrudes from the crossing It doesn't have any radiating chapels Later on they removed the oculi to make the clerestory larger Slide: Plan and view of the choir The flying butress is is the arm outside the its supporting the cathedral Slide: Inside of Chartres The relic was a remnant of a tunic that was believed to have been worn by the Virgin Mary The tunic survived the fire and because of it, it's fame increased; also the people saw the fire as the will of the Virgin she was telling them to rebuild the Cathedral bigger and better to house this tunic, this is the spin they put on the tragedy This is also a good thing for the economy because people will come to see it, and they will have to stay and eat and buy souvenir Slide: Nave and choir The nave has a three part elevation; the nave archade, the triforium, and the clerestory The emphasize the verticallity of the structure by running the piers all the way up to the triforium Slide: Rectangular base oriented perpendicular , so across the nave allowing the builders to use quadripartite vaults which eliminated the use of alternating piers so here they all look the same Slide: Cathedral from the south Flying butress - (look on the back of the book) An arched bridge on the exterior of a building that connects.... Slide: This building required skilled workers Freemasons - were the highly skilled laborers Freestone- uniformed textures and wont break when chiseled these were the interior and exterior walls In between the walls there were rubble and on the outside there was another freestone Slide: Coronation Dedicated to the Virgin Mary; Mariology is the emphasis on divine love that's why they have the V. Mary on a few facades She is filled with sadness because she knew that Christ would be sacrificed but she understands because is what God wants They received the head of V. Mary's mother, St. Anne This shows the death of Mary on the left lintel; the right lintel has the assumption of the Virgins and on the top is the coronation of the Virgin Slide: West portal jambs the ones on the left (kings and queens) are more like the column itself, the ones on the right (Some saints) are more realistic, they kind of stand on their own Slide: Annunciation and Visitation The ones on the left have been moved around so we don't know how they were originally positioned The first two are the Annunciation (an archangel and the Virgin, he is telling the Virgin that she is about to have a son without having sex), the other two is the Visitation (Mary and Elisabeth both pregnant) Slide: Comparison of nave elevations Slide: Sainte-Chapelle Louis IX - the king France he was the one wealthy enough to make building possible so he commissioned a lot of things like this one; he was the only king who was cananice, he establishes Paris as a center of courtly art; the chapel of the king's court The second floor was for the royal family they had access from the base The acquisition by Louis cousin who is the emperor of Constantinople and send Louis a few precious relics like the crown of thorn. the lance and nails and the sponge used to apply the vinegar on Christ These relics are now at Notre-Dame where the crown of thorns is displayed the 1st Monday of each month at 3PM Slide: Interior of upper chapel No wall just of piers make out of columns The relics used to be displayed on this altar, the stained glass allowed light to come in and kind of bathe the relics with "heavenly" light Slide: Exterior, Sainte-Chapelle There are no flying buttresses, they wanted to keep them as shallow as possible because if it extends out to far it would put a shadow over the window They also held the building together by running two horizontal iron bars around the entire building In spite of its luxury, Louis paid more for the relics than the actual building Slide: Notre Dame de la Belle The use of stained glass wasn't new at the time, it was used by Egyptians and other periods Theophilus wrote a guide book on how to make this glass; first you make a molten mix of silica, potash, lime, the color came from the metal oxides Glass is heated and pour into molds to cool and then blowing air through a tube so shape it The design were laid out on wooden board the same size of the window; individual pieces of glass were cut with a hot iron rod and fitted in the spots like a puzzle The small details were actually painted on the glass with lead oxide and then they are fired up again Cames are bendable lead strips that hold the pieces together (the black line around the parts) Red glass emits less glass which is on the south side because light come in more Blue emits more light and since it was darker on the side it made it lighter on the end so both side of the church would be equally lit up Slide: Master Honore Monasteries were used for manuscript production Philip was related to Louis IX Architectural frames have receded; figures are larger to make them more legible; use of shading on the drapery Slide: Jean Pucelle Left has the betrayal of Christ on the right is the Annunciation This is a tiny tine prayer book, about the size of an index card when open This has the seven hours of the day The lady on the right inside the capital letter its believe to be Jeanne d'Evreux herself, she is holding a book so when she opens it she sees an image of herself in the book grisaille is the gray drawing droleries are the images off topic on the bottom bas-de-page is the bottom of the page