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- Geology 101
- Hajash
- Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Geology 101 with Hajash at Texas A&M University
About this deck
By: Madeline Brieger
Created: 2010-06-29
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 18
Created: 2010-06-29
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 18
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most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of ________ ______.
earthquake waves
Travel times of P (compressional) and S (shear) waves through the Earth vary depending on what?
the properties of the materials
Variations in the travel times correspond to changes in the _______ ________.
materials encountered
What happens to the energy when seismic waves pass from one material to another?
- some is reflected back up
- (< incidence = < reflection)
- some is refracted (bent)
- goes into the next layer and the path of the wave (ray)
A ______ zone is where we don't see direct arrival of seismic waves.
shadow zone
What are Earth's layers that are defined by physical properties?
- Lithosphere
- Asthenosphere
- Mesosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- consists of the crust and uppermost mantle
Lithosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- Mantle peridotite
- low velocity zone at top, extends to = 700 km
Asthenosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- Relatively cool, rigid shell
Lithosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- mantle peridotite
- extends to outer core
Mesosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- averages about 100 km in thickness, but may be 250 km or more thick beneath the older portions of the continents
Lithosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- rigid layer between the depths of 600 km and 2900 km
mesosphere or lower mantle
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- the weak sphere
asthenosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- beneath the lithosphere, in the upper mantle to a depth of about 600 km
asthenosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- rocks in this layer are very hot and capable of very gradual flow (convection)
mesosphere
Which of Earth's layers is being described?
- small amount of melting in the upper portion mechanically detaches the lithosphere from the layer below allowing the lithosphere to move independently of the _____sphere
asthenosphere
The Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) separates the crust from the _____.
mantle
How is the Moho identified?
by increase in seismic velocity
Major processes that have contributed to Earth's internal heat:
Heat emitted by radioactive decay of _____, _____, and _____.
- uranium (U)
- thorium (TH)
- potassium (K)
Major processes that have contributed to Earth's internal heat:
Heat released as _______ _______ to form the solid inner core.
iron crystallized
Major processes that have contributed to Earth's internal heat:
Heat released by colliding ________ during the formation of Earth
planetsimals
Earth's internal heat engine:
how does heat transfer? (3 ways)
- conduction
- convection
- radiation
Mantle convection is an important process in _______ _________.
Earth's interior
_______ ________ provides the force that propels the rigid lithospheric plates across the globe.
Mantle convection
Because the mantle transmits S waves and at the same time flows (both solid and fluid), it is referred to as exhibiting ______ behavior.
plastic behavior
When an elastic wave travels from a low velocity layer to a high velocity layer, what happened to the ray?
the ray is refracted away from the perpendicular tot he interface
The mesosphere is essentially the same composition as the ______.
asthenosphere
What happens when a P wave enters the outer core from the mantle?
is slows down and is refracted towards the perpendicular to the interface
The ________ field is produced by fluid motions in the Earth's outer core.
geomagnetic field
About this deck
By: Madeline Brieger
Created: 2010-06-29
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 18
Created: 2010-06-29
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 18
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy