Chapter 13 Flashcards

10 years and older; rules and laws are created by people; consider intentions as well as consequences when judging action; older children are moral autonomists (recognize that punishment only occurs if someone witnesses the wrong-doing; and even then, punishment isn't inevitable)

Children develop and think about social matters including possibilities and cooperation; social understanding is acquired through give and take of peer relations

Moral Stages are universal; three levels of moral thinking

Stage 1: punishment and obedience orientation; moral thinking is tied to punishment; Stage 2: individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange; pursue your own interests, have equal exchange (in relationships), and "golden rule' starts to play in

Stage 3: Consists of mutual, interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity (valued trust, caring and loyalty to base moral judgments; adopt your parents moral standards; seek parental approval) Stage 4: social system morality, moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty

Stage 5: social contract, or utility, and individual rights; individuals reason that values, rights, and principles transcend the law; Stage 6: universal, ethical principles; when people develop a moral standard based on human rights; when faced with conflict, they will follow their conscious even if it brings risk to ones-self

Reinforcement, punishment, and imitation are used to attempt to explain how and why children learn certain responses and why their responses differ from each other (effectiveness of reward and punishment depends on how consistent and the timing associated with which they are administered)

Emphasizes the distinction between moral competence and moral performance; moral competencies: include what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors; moral performance: is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way

A desire to avoid guilt feelings underlying moral behavior (subconscious); superego=moral branch of personality; develops if children fear loss of parental love because of unacceptable sexual wishes for the opposite sex parent; identification with same sex parent reduces anxiety and leads to internalization of parental standards of right and wrong which reflect societal prohibitions; done to avoid guilt

Caring about the welfare and rights of others; do this to: be kind, help others, ask how their doing, social etiquette, empathy, gratitude, being forgiving; altruism: unselfishly helping others; forgiveness and gratitude

Recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards others (criterion A); at least 6 months; isn't diagnosed if CD or APD is present of 18+ years (loses tempter, argues with adults, defies/refused to comply, deliberately annoys people, places blame on others, easily annoyed by others, angry or resentful, spiteful or vindictive)

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior, basic rights of others or societal norms are violated; 3 or more sx but be present in the last 12 months and 1 sx in the last 6 months; aggression toward people/animals, destruction of property, deceitful or theft, serious violations of rules

Pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others; begins in childhood and persists through adulthood; must be 19 for diagnosis, evidence of CD before 15 years, does not exclusively occur during a schizophrenic or manic episode; failure to conform to social norms (punishable by law) deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness (consistently), reckless disregard for the safety of others and oneself, repeated irresponsibility, lack of remorse

Refers to unacceptable behaviors (acting out in the home/school), status offenses (running away), and rule/law breaking in adolescents (burglary); index offenses: criminal acts: whether committed by adults or juveniles (robbery, assault, rape, homicide); Status offenses: performed by those under a specified age (truancy, underage drinking, sexual promiscuity)