Chapter 13: The Endocrine System

Medical Terminology 2 with Grimes at University of Arkansas - Fayetteville

About this deck

By: Anna Nguyen
Created: 2012-04-15
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 36

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

*acr/o

*extremities (hands and feet)

*adren/o

*adrenal glands

*crin/o

*secrete

*-dipsia

*thirst

*glyc/o

*glucose, sugar

*gonad/o

*gonad, sex glands

*-ism

*condition, state of

*pancreat/o

*pancreas

*parathyroid/o

*parathyroid glands

*pineal/o

*pineal gland

*pituitar/o

*pituitary gland

*poly-

*many

*somat/o

*body

*thym/o

*thymus gland

*thyr/o, thyroid/o

*thyroid gland

acromegaly

abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

Addison's disease

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone; condition characterized by chronic, worsening fatigue and muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss

adrenalitis

inflammation of the adrenal glands

aldosteronism

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone

antidiuretic hormone

maintains the water balance within the body by promoting the reabsorption of water through the kidneys

calcitonin

Source: thyroid gland

Works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues

chemical thyroidectomy

AKA radioactive iodine therapy

administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

Conn's syndrome

disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone

cortisol

has an anti-inflammatory action and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body

cretinism

congenital form of hypothyroidism. if treatment is not started soon after birth, this causes arrested physical and mental development

Cushing's syndrome

AKA hypercortisolism

caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

"moon face"

diabetes insipidus

caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone

diabetes mellitus

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

diabetic retinopathy

occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball

electrolytes

mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood

epinephrine

Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli

estrogen

Develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

follicle-stimulating hormone

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female. in the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles

fructosamine test

measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks

gestational diabetes

form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies

gigantism

abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

glucagon

hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low blood sugar levels

glucose

blood sugar

basic form of energy used by the body

glycogen

form in which the liver stores the excess glucose

Graves' disease

autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos

gynecomastia

condition of excessive mammary development in the male

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

hypercalcemia

characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones

hypercrinism

condition due to excessive secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland

hyperglycemia

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

hyperinsulinism

condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream

hyperpituitarism

pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

hyperthyroidism

AKA thyrotoxicosis

imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones

insulinoma

benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Stimulates ovulation in the female. Stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male.

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands

leptin

hormone secreted by adipocytes, leaves fat cells and travels to brain centers, controls balance of food intake and energy expenditure

luteinizing hormone

In the female, stimulates ovulation and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. In the male, stimulates testosterone secretion.

myxedema

AKA adult hypothyroidism

caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

norepinephrine

both a hormone and neurohormone

released as neurohormone by sympathetic nervous system and as a hormone by the adrenal medulla

"fight-or-flight"

oxytocin

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. It also causes milk to flow from the mammary glands after childbirth.

pancreatalgia

pain in the pancreas

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

pheochromocytoma

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine

pinealoma

tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin

pituitarism

any disorder of pituitary function

pituitary adenoma

slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

excessive hunger

polyuria

excessive urination

progesterone

hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

prolactinoma

benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin

in females, this causes infertility and changes in menstruation

in males, it causes impotence

testosterone

secreted by testicles, stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics

thymectomy

surgical removal of the thymus gland

thymitis

inflammation of the thymus gland

thymosin

stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system

thyroxine

Source: Thyroid Gland

Regulates the rate of metabolism

hypogyclemia

abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

hypothyroidism

caused by deficiency of thyroid secretion

About this deck

By: Anna Nguyen
Created: 2012-04-15
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 36

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj