Chapter 14 vocab

Anthropology 1006 with Erickson at University of Connecticut

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By: Gabrielle Bouissou
Textbook:

Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity

Guests of the Sheik: An Ethnography of an Iraqi Village
Created: 2010-05-03
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Achieved status

Social status that comes through talents, choices, actions, and accomplishments, rather than ascription

Ascribed status

Social status (e.g., race of gender) that people have little or no choice about occupying.

Acculturation

The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact; the cultural patterns of either or both groups may be changed, but the groups remain distinct

Assimilation

The process of change that a minority group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates; the minority is incorporated into the dominant culture to the point that it no longer exists as a separate cultural unit

Colonialism

The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time

Cultural colonialism

internal domination by one group and its culture or ideology over others

Descent

rule assigning social identity on the basis of some aspect of one’s ancestry

Discrimination

policies and practices that harm a group and its members

Ethnic group

group distinguished by cultural similarities (shared among members of that group) and differences (between that group and others); ethnic-group members share beliefs, customs, and norms and, often, a common language, religion, history, geography, and kinship

Ethnicity

identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation

Ethnocide

destruction of cultures of certain ethnic groups

Genocide

deliberate assassination of a group through mass murder

Hypodescent

rule that automatically places the children of a union or mating between members of different socioeconomic groups in the less privileged group (the minority, usually)

Multiculturalism

the view of cultural diversity in a country s something good and desirable; a multicultural society socializes individuals not only into the dominant (national) culture but also into an ethnic culture

Nation

once a synonym for “ethnic group,” designating a single culture sharing a language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship; now usually a synonym for state or nation-state

Nation-state

an autonomous political entity; a country like the United States or Canada

Nationalities

ethnic groups that once has, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status (their own country)

Phenotype

an organism‘s evident traits, its “manifest biology”—anatomy and physiology

Plural society

a society that combines ethnic contrasts an economic interdependence of the ethnic groups

Prejudice

devaluing (looking down on) a group because of its assumed behavior, values capabilities, attitudes, or other attributes

Race

an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis

Racism

discrimination against an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis

Refugees

people who have been forced (involuntary refugees) or who have chosen (voluntary refugees) to flee a country, to escape persecution or war

State

sociopolitical organization based on central government and socioeconomic stratification—a division of society into classes

Status

any position that determines where someone fits in society; may be ascribed or achieved

Stereotypes

fixed ideas—often unfavorable—about what the members of a group are like

Stratified

class-structured; stratified societies have marked differences in wealth, prestige, and power between social classes