Chapter 14

History 225 with Mooney at James Madison University

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By: Kathryn Liskey
Created: 2010-12-06
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 18

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Presidential Reconstruction

(Andrew Johnson)

· Extend pardons & restore property rights to Southerners who swore allegiance to the Union & Constitution

· Prominent Confederates must petition for a pardon

· (no mention of voting/civil rights of former slaves)

Congressional Reconstruction

· 1) Military Reconstruction Acts (1867)

o divided ex-Confederate States into military districts

o set rules for their readmission to the Union

o secured black voting rights

· 2) Tenure of Office Act (1867)

o required Congressional approval for president to remove officeholders w/o Senate consent

· 3) Fifteenth Amendment (1869)

o guaranteed right of American men to vote, regardless of race

"Counter Reconstruction"

· white Southerners gradually regained control of their states & localities, often through violence & intimidation

· support for Congressional reconstruction stated to fade

Freedmen Bureau

· To provide social, educational, & economic services, advice & protection to former slaves & destitute whites

Sherman's Field Order No. 15

To promote land ownership for newly-freed slaves:

intended to address the immediate problem of dealing with the tens of thousands of black refugees who had joined Sherman's march in search of protection and sustenance, and "to assure the harmony of action in the area of operations

Southern Homestead Act

to promote land ownership for newly-free slaves:
nacted to break a cycle of debt during the Reconstruction following the American Civil War.; This act attempted to solve this by selling land at low prices so that southerners could buy it.

Ten Percent Plan

proposed by Abraham Lincoln; decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation.

Wade-Davis Bill

more lenient that Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan; bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy; passed in both houses of Congress but vetoed by Lincoln

Civil Rights Act of 1866

· Direct response to Black Codes

· Defined rights of national citizenship

· Marked a key change in federal-state relations

Black Codes

laws passed on the state and local level in the United States to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks; used most often to refer to legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, migration and other activities of newly-freed slaves

14th Amendment

over-ruled Dred Scott Decision; said blacks WERE citizens

· prohibited states from violating rights of their citizens

· strengthened Civil Rights Act of 1866

· guaranteed all citizens equality before the law

Military Reconstruction Acts

o divided ex-Confederate States into military districts

o set rules for their readmission to the Union

o secured black voting rights

Tenure of Office Act

o required Congressional approval for president to remove officeholders w/o Senate consent

15th Amendment

o guaranteed right of American men to vote, regardless of race

Scalawags & Carpetbaggers

groups that supported & tended to control southern Republican governments;
native whites, mostly yeoman farmers & northern transplants

Ku Klux Klan/KKK Act of 1871

group was anti-black; anti-immigration, anti-communist; hate group
act said If necessary, Federal authorities could use military assistance to arrest & prosecute groups that denied a citizen’s civil rights if state authorities failed to do so

"Redemption"

· ex-Confederates work to “redeem” the South through votes & force

· election of 1876 basically overthrows Reconstruction

· RESULT: ex-Confederates back in the saddle by 1877

Civil Rights Act of 1875

guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in "public accommodations"

Election of 1876 & Compromise of 1877

generally believed that an informal deal was struck to resolve the election dispute: the Compromise of 1877. In return for the Democrats' acquiescence in Hayes's election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction. The Compromise effectively ceded power in the Southern states to the Democratic Redeemers.

Sharecropping vs. tenancy

tenancy-owner; give family piece of land to live on & they do the crop labor; after cost of living deducted, owner splits profit with the tenant

spread of racial segregation

due to Black Codes, KKK, hostilities from Civil War & Emancipation Proclomation

About this deck

By: Kathryn Liskey
Created: 2010-12-06
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 18

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy