Chapter 15 Psychological disorders

Psychology 102 with Souza at University of British Columbia

About this deck

By: Hyun Ji Jung
Textbook:

Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Value Package (includes MyPsychLab CourseCompass with E-Book Student Access )
Created: 2011-07-26
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 17

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

what is mental illness?

statistical rarity
subjective distress
impairment of everyday function
societal disapproval
biological dysfunction (breakdowns/ failures of physiological systems)

demonic model

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

medical model

perception that regarded mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

asylums

institutions for the mentally ill created in the 15th century

moral treatment

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness and respect for the mentally ill

deinstitutionalization

1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

bulimia nervosa

eating disorder associated with a pattern of bingeing and purging in an effort to lose or maintain weight

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

labelling theorists

scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviors

prevalence

percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

axes

dimensions of functioning

comorbidity

co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

categorical model

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

dimensional model

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

insanity defence

legal defence proposing that people shouldn't be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren't of "sound mind" when committing them

incompetence to stand trial

assessment of a defendant's mental capacity to stand trial in a court of law

involuntary commitment

procedure of placing some mentally ill people in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

anxiety disorders

most prevalent: ~29%

average onset : 11 years

somatoform disorders

conditions marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

hypochondriasis

an individual's continual preoccupation with the notion that he is suffering from a serious physical disease

panic attacks

brief, intense episodes of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy

panic disorder

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future panic attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them.

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

phobia

intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

agoraphobia

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

social phobia

marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation is possible.

posttraumatic stress syndrome

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least 1 hr a day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

obsessions

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

compulsions

repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress

anxiety sensitivity

fear of anxiety-related sensations

major depressive episode

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

cognitive model of depression

theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expetations

learned helplessness

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control

manic episode

experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behaviour

bipolar disorder

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

dissociative disorders

conditions involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

depersonalization disorder

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

dissociative fugue

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the work place, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the person's behavior

schizophrenia

severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

ventricles typically enlarged, increase in size of sulci, decreases in activation of amygdala and hippocampus
drugs block dopamine receptor sites +slow nerve impulses

delusions

strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality

psychotic symptoms

psychological problems reflecting serious distortions from reality

hallucinations

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus

catatonic symptoms

motor problems, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position

diathesis-stress models

perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability.

personality disorder

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stage, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

borderline personality disorder

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

psychopathic personality

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centredness, and risk-taking

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

About this deck

By: Hyun Ji Jung
Textbook:

Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Value Package (includes MyPsychLab CourseCompass with E-Book Student Access )
Created: 2011-07-26
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 17

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj