Chapter 16 Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe (ca 1589-1715)

StudyBlue printing of Chapter 16 Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe (ca 1589-1715) html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Chapter 16.1 Absolutism Sovereignty - A state may be termed sovereign when it possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries. Middle ages monarch v. Absolutist state monarch Middle ages monarch : ruled by "grace of god", "found" law and everyone (monarch included) respect and obey it, relied on the nobility for funds. Absolutist state monarch : ruled "by divine right", became legislators by making the laws allowing them sole sovereignty in the state, way more controlling, produced funds by creating new bureaucracies, maintained permanent standing-armies. Bureaucrats in it for themselves and used their offices to better themselves and their families. Difference between 17th century bureaucrats and earlier ones is that 17th century bureaucrats served the state as represented by the king. Totalitarianism: 20th century version of Absolutism, attempted to make all of a state's culture-art,education,religion, etc...-in the interests of the state. Total regulation The Foundations of French Absolutism: Henry IV, Sully, and Richelieu: Paulette (1602-1604) : annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in their offices. Intendants were almost always recruited from the newer nobility or " the noblesse de robe". They could not have authority over their native district. Intendants had the power to: Recruit men for the army supervise the collection of taxes presided over the administration of local law checked up on the local nobility regulate economic activities Two important roles: enforce royal orders in the districts and to weaken power and influence of the regional nobility. Richelieu played a key role in centralizing the french government through out the reign of louis XIII. He let riots burn themselves out for fear of expenses and creation of martyrs. He also created the French Academy which was a group of people focused on literacy and created a dictionary that standardized the french language. Power was limited economically because of the lack of power to tax. Believed that god forgives actions committed by the state that would be considered a sin if committed by anyone else. Richelieu's successor was Jules Mazarin. Continued centralizing but lead to civil war form 1648-1653 known as the Fronde. Fronde refers to the civil war in france as people began to uprise against the centralization of power. Mainly talking about the nobility and their decrease in influence/power. Many people refused to pay taxes. French defeat of spanish at Rocroi in 1643 marked final collapse of spanish military power in Europe. 3 results of the Fronde: Compromise needed with nobility French economy disrupted Scared Louis XIV The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV: Louis XIV believed that Kings were gods rulers on earth but they couldn't do what ever they wanted and had to rule for the good of the people. Silence, caution, and secrecy were important tool of government. He received a distrust of the nobility from the fronde. Typical answer was "I shall see". "every moment and every inch a king" Louis XIV succeeded because of his control over the nobility which he inquired by requiring the major nobility in france to live in Versailles at least part of the year and be part of his royal court. Versailles was now being used to further undermine the power of the nobility by LXIV. Financial and Economic Management Under Louis XIV: Colbert Louis had alot going on and needed some way to pay for all of it. Couldn't taxx nationally because he needed consent of all the small goverments to tax in certain regions.