Chapter 16: Social Psychology

Psychology 110 with Shively at University of Texas - San Antonio

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By: Hannah Bambauer
Created: 2011-05-31
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 5

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bystander effect

The tendency for any given bystander is less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

expertise and bystander effect

Much more likely to offer help if we are the only one who is able to help rather than if multiple people are able. The best odds of us helping also rely on many factors including if the person is similar to us, if we are not in a hurry, if we are from a small town or rural area and/or if we are in a good mood

internal vs external attribution

The cause comes from within a person its internal while if the cause comes from the situation its external

example of internal vs external attribution

Internal: someone talks a lot because they are naturally talkative or outgoing. External: a usually shy person begins to talk a lot because they are in the company of their friends and family at their home

fundamental attribution error (FAE)

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

culture and FAE

We tend to attribute behavior as internal and rarely ever external. We make the assumption that something must be wrong with the person rather than looking to see if there is an issue with their situation. Conservatives internal on poverty while liberals external

attitude

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

do attitude affect behavior?

Attitudes do predict behavior

"foot in the door"

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

do actions change attitudes?

Attitudes follow behavior. When someone acts against their beliefs, their attitudes can change

how do social roles affect attitude

When put into a new role, one strives to follow the social prescriptions. While at first the behaviors may seem phony, before long what began as play-acting becomes you. For example in Zimbardo’s prisoner study the students who were separated into guards and prisoners showed this

cognitive dissonance

Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

interpersonal attraction

The attraction between people which leads to friendships and romantic relationships

primacy effect

The tendency for first impressions to heavily influence opinions about other people

factors of attraction

competence, proximity, physical attraction and similarity

passionate love

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

companianate love

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

different types of love

Intimate, commitment, companionate and passionate

chameleon effect

refers to one unconsciously mimicking the behaviors of another E.g.When one student packs up to leave class early and others follow and do the same

conformity

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

normative social influence's effect on conformity

We conform to society in order to gain approval or avoid disapproval. We respect social norms because the price we pay for being different may be severe.

normative social influence vs informational social influence

-Normative is an influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval while informational is an influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

obedience

Form of conformity that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority

factors that incrase/decrease obedience

Subjects tend to obey if they perceive that the authority is legitimate. 2) Subjects tend to obey if the context is a prestigious institution like Yale. 3) Subjects tend to obey if the victim has been depersonalized (subject and confederate were separated at a distance). 4) Subjects tend to obey if no dissenter is present. Disobey if lack of obedience is seen from the start.

group-think

Occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a group decision. It is a process that tends to maintain harmony and unanimity but suffocates difference of opinion

what makes a group vulnerable to group-think

Cohesiveness refers to the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself, insulation of the group, lack of search and appraisal protocol, dominant leadership, high stress and low hope to find alternative solutions, and presence of mind guards

social facilitation effects

Any enhancement of a motivated behavior in which individuals do the same thing with some degree of mutual stimulation and consequent coordination

deindividuation

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable E.g.- yelling at a ref bc everyone else is and part of group not by self

social loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

why do juries have to be careful of "group think"

Juries need to be careful because they are deciding the fate of a person. If they feel the person is guilty or innocent and its opposite of the group they cannot fall into the place with the group because they may be right about the person. If all options are not discussed the wrong conclusion may be come to

example of polarization

Conservative individuals who hang out with other conservative individuals tend to become more conservative

example of group-think

A school group agrees on an idea just to make one another happy not because they all think that it’s the best option or choice

prejudice

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members

research findings on prejudice

Prejudice is promoted by emotional states such as fear and anger. Irrational thinking underlies prejudice attitudes

blaming the victim

Those with power and prestige often blame the “have not’s” for their lowly status in life

justifying one's prejudice

Through their actions, angry victims justify the “have’s” distain for them

ingroup vs outgroup

Ingroup is “us” while outgroup is “them”

agression

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

factors involved in aggression

Genetic influences, neural influences and biochemical influences

frustration aggression

Principle that frustration, the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal, creates anger, which can generate aggression

freud's catharasis

Human beings and other species need to release aggressive energy

social learning

Learning occurs frequently by simply observing others

violent video games

Playing violent video games increases aggressive thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Expressing anger breeds more anger

factors involved in making peace and solving conflicts

Contact (put parties in contact), cooperation (enemies overcome their differences), communication (talk it out) and conciliation (decrease tensions)

About this deck

By: Hannah Bambauer
Created: 2011-05-31
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 5

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj