Chapter 17
Physics 111 with Hall at University of Kansas
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By: Anonymous
Textbook:
Conceptual Physics Media Update, 10th Edition
Created: 2008-11-09
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 6
Textbook:
Conceptual Physics Media Update, 10th EditionCreated: 2008-11-09
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 6
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evaporation
the change of phase from liquid to gaseous
sublimation
the change of phase from solid to gaseous, skipping the liquid phase
condensation
the change of phase from gaseous to liquid
boiling
rapid evaporation that takes place within a liquid as well as its surface
regelation
the process of melting under pressure and the subsequent refreezing when the pressure is removed
heat pump
a device that transfers heat out of a cool environment and into a warm enviornment
latent heat of fusion
the amount of energy required to change a unit of mass of a substance from solid to liquid (and vice versa)
latent heat of vaporization
the amount of energy required to change a unit of mass of a substance from liquid to gas (and vice versa)
What are the four common phases of matter?
solid
liquid
gaseous
plasma
liquid
gaseous
plasma
Do the molecules in a liquid all have about the same speed, or do they have a wide variety of speeds?
molecules in liquid water have a wide variety of speeds, moving about in all directions and bumping against one another.
some move at high speeds while others move hardly at all and then they can switch.
some move at high speeds while others move hardly at all and then they can switch.
What is evaporation, and why is it a cooling process? Exactly what is it that cools?
evaporation is a change of phase from liquid to gas that occurs at the surface of a liquid.
it is a cooling process because the molecules that break free from the surface of the liquid are slowed as they fly away due to their attraction to the surface. the water is cooled.
it is a cooling process because the molecules that break free from the surface of the liquid are slowed as they fly away due to their attraction to the surface. the water is cooled.
Is condensation a warming or cooling process?
warming
What is sublimation?
the change of phase from solid to gaseous, skipping the liquid phase
Distinguish between condensation and evaporation?
they are opposites
evaporation is the phase change from liquid to gas
condensation is the phase change from gas to liquid
evaporation is the phase change from liquid to gas
condensation is the phase change from gas to liquid
Why is a steam burn more damaging than a burn from boiling water of the same temperature?
the steam releases considerable energy when it condenses to a liquid and wets the skin
Why do you feel uncomfortably warm on a hot and humid day?
condensation noticeably counteracts evaporation, and you feel the warming effect as vapor in the air condenses on your skin
Distinguish between humidity and relative humidity.
humidity - mass of water per volume of air
relative humidity - the ratio of the amount of water vapor currently in the air as a given temperature to the largest amount of water vapor the air can contain at that temperature
relative humidity - the ratio of the amount of water vapor currently in the air as a given temperature to the largest amount of water vapor the air can contain at that temperature
Why does water vapor in the air condense when the air is chilled?
because lower air temperatures are characterized by slower moving molecules, saturation and condensation are more likely to occur in cool air than in warm air
what does the phase of matter depend on?
its temperature and the pressure that is exerted on it
changes of phase almost always require a transfer of what?
energy
the temperature of any substance is related to what?
the average kinetic energy of its particles
How do some molecules break free from the liquid state?
the increased kinetic energy of molecules bumped hard enough to break free from liquid comes from molecules remaining in the liquid.
when balls bump into one another and some gain kinetic energy, the others lose the same amount
when balls bump into one another and some gain kinetic energy, the others lose the same amount
Why does warm moist air form clouds when it rises?
warm breezes blow over the ocean and become moist. when the moist air moves from warmer to cooler waters or from warm water to cool land, it chills. as it chills, water vapor molecules begin sticking rather than bouncing off one another.
What is the basic difference between a cloud and fog?
the difference is altitude
fog is a cloud that forms near the ground.
fog is a cloud that forms near the ground.
Distinguish between evaporation and boiling.
evaporation - can take place beneath the surface of a liquid, forming bubbles of vapor that are buoyed to the surface, where they escape.
boiling - change of phase throughout a liquid rather than only at the surface. bubbles in the liquid can form only when the pressure of the vapor within the bubbles is great enough to resist the pressure of the surrounding liquid.
boiling - change of phase throughout a liquid rather than only at the surface. bubbles in the liquid can form only when the pressure of the vapor within the bubbles is great enough to resist the pressure of the surrounding liquid.
Does increased atmospheric pressure increase or decrease the boiling point of water? Why is this so?
if pressure is increased the molecules in the vapor must move faster to exert enough pressure to keep the bubble from collapsing.
Is it the boiling of water or the higher temperature of water that cooks food faster in a pressure cooker?
it is the high temperature of the water that cooks the food, not the boiling process itself
Why will water at the bottom of a geyser not boil when it is at a 100 degrees celsius?
the relatively deep vertical column of water exerts pressure on the deeper water increasing the boiling point.
What happens to the water pressure at the bottom of a geyser when some of the water above gushes out?
the pressure on the remaining water is reduced. it boils rapidly and erupts with great force.
The temperature of boiling water doesn't increase with continued energy input. Why is this evidence that boiling is a cooling process?
because if cooling didn't take place, continued input of energy to a pot of boiling water would result in a continued increase in temperature.
What is a geyser?
a periodically erupting pressure cooker. It is a long, narrow, vertical hole into which underground streams seep.
When will water boil at a temperature of less than 100 degrees C
with the reduction of pressure
What evidence can you cite for the claim that water can boil at a temperature of 0 degrees C?
continued boiling results in a lowering of temperature until the freezing point of approximately 0 degrees C is reached.
Why does increasing the temperature of a solid make it melt?
null
Why does decreasing the temperature of a liquid make it freeze?
null
Why does freezing of water not occur at 0 degrees C when foreign ions are present?
null
What happens to the hexagonal open structure of ice when sufficient pressure is applied to it?
null
Why does a wire not simply cut a block of ice in two when it passes through the ice?
null
About this deck
By: Anonymous
Textbook: Conceptual Physics Media Update, 10th Edition
Created: 2008-11-09
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 6
Textbook:
Conceptual Physics Media Update, 10th EditionCreated: 2008-11-09
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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