Chapter 18 Review

Dr. Ji SOC 242 Contemporary Social Problems Review List for Chapter 18 _______________________________________________________________________ Terms U.S. Military Establishment, Cold War, terrorism, terrorist acts, globalization, cyber terrorism, hate crimes, Al Qaeda, Al Jihad, HAMAS, The Palestinian Islamic Jihad, radiational terrorism, Biological and Chemical Warfare Concepts National security in the is organized and administered by the president, the departments of the state and defense, the National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Central Intelligence Agency, Congress, and the Office of Homeland Security. Previously, both the Soviet Union and the engaged in an expensive arms race to defend themselves, to strike first if necessary, and to scare the other side into not attacking first. Each side perceived the other as the ultimate enemy- as untrustworthy, uncompromising, ruthless, expansionary ideologues bent on winning the Cold War (the tension and arms race between the and the at whatever cost). The outspends all other nations on defense. The spends more than the combined total of the next seven military powers Terrorism- is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives Examples of those groups who have used some sort of terrorism to achieve their goals: Colonists, farmers, settlers, Native Americans, immigrants, slaves, slaveholders, laborers, strike breakers, anarchists, vigilantes, the Ku Klux Klan and other White supremacist organizations, antiwar protesters, prolife extremists, etc. They hate us for what we are. The is an economic success story compared to many nations. The and the Pentagon were symbols of this success and therefore targeted for a terrorist act. The Cell: Secrecy and security are essential and cells are usually small. Members of one cell do not necessarily know members of another cell. Cells can remain inactive for years. Communication between cells is secret. Sympathizers are recruited to perform low-level logistical tasks. The threat of international terrorism is heightened by globalization- the process of growing international activity in many areas that is creating ever-closer ties, enhanced interdependence, and greater opportunity and vulnerability for all Radiational terrorism- an attack on a nuclear power plant using conventional weapons or taking a plant over and causing a meltdown. In times of crisis, Americans have tended to be intolerant of racial and ethnic minorities who were believed to support its enemies Bush?s security policy is to freeze the global military superiority of the forever. This is problematic and expensive. By 2005, ?s military budget will be greater than the rest of the world?s combined. Strategies to combat terrorism need to be developed around the ideas that: 1) Military might alone does not make a nation secure; 2) Vengeance is self-defeating (don?t respond to attacks with similar attacks); 3) Terrorists seek a savage response to win sympathy for and converts to their cause; 4) The best way to deal with terrorism is to address its root causes (the U.S. should take seriously the grievances of the Muslim peoples in this region); 5) The U.S. cannot fight terrorism alone Discussion What is terrorism? Explain globalization. Explain a few of the strategies to combat terrorism.