Chapter 19: Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum

Biology 3501 with Buchanan at Marquette University

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By: Teresa Matyas
Created: 2011-05-04
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cerebellum

influences motor function via widespread outputs to descending system. has a cortex and a set of deep cerebellar nuclei for input. output is via the deep cerebellar nuclei. compares intended movement and actual movement to detect and correct errors during the movement and over periods of time during motor learning

3 main regions of the cerebellum

1. vestibulocerebellum

2. spinocerebellum

3. cerebrocerebellum

vestipulocerebellum

input from vestibular nuclei, occupies the flocculus and nodulus, regulates movement underlying posture and equillibrium

spinocerebellum

input from spinal cord, occupies the vermis and paramedian zone and regulates basic movements of limbs and posture as in walking and eye movements

cerebrocerebellum

input from cerebral cortex, occupies the lateral regions, is the largest, and regulates highly skilled movements and the planning and execution of those movements

middle cerebellar peduncle

where inputs from the cerebral cortex that are relayed to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei enter the cerebellum

dorsal nucleus of Clarke

a spinal nucleus where somatic sensory afferents from the spinal cord are relayed

inferior cerebellar peduncle

how somatic sensory inputs arrive in the cerebellum (staying on the right and left side of origination)

superior cerebellar peduncle

the output from the cerebellum originates from the deep cerebellar nuclei and exits in this structure

dentate nucleus

largest and receives its input mainly from the cerebrocerebellar cortex

interposed and fastigial nuclei

receive input from the pinocerebellum

vestibular nuclei

receive input from the vestibulocerebellum

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

1. molecular layer

2. Purkinje cell layer

3. granule cell layer

Purkinje cells

the only output neurons of the cerebellar cortex and are inhibitory (GABAergic) with axon terminals in the deep cerebellar nuclei

2 types of inputs to the cerebellar cortex

1. mossy fibers

2. climbing fibers

both have collateral excitatory inputs to the deep cerebellar nuclei as well as to the cerebellar cortex

mossy fibers

originate from the pontine nuclei, Clarke's nucleus, and vestibular nuclei- they excite granule cells which in turn send an excitatory axon into the molecular layer where it splits into two parts

parallel fibers

granule cell axons in the molecular layer of the cortex

purkinje cell dendrites spread out in a plane to intercept up to 200,000 parallel fiber inputs

climbing fibers

originate from the inferior olive nucleus in the brainstem- make numerous and powerful excitatory connections with a Purkinje cell, and the climbing fibers are thought to signal movement errors and to regulate the strength of the parallel fiber inputs

3 types of local inhibitory interneurons in cerebellar cortex

1. basket cells

2. stellate cells

3. Golgi cells

cerebellar lesions

difficulty producing smooth, well-coordinated, multi-joint movements. movements are instead jerky and imprecise.

About this deck

By: Teresa Matyas
Created: 2011-05-04
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 14

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj