Chapter 2 (part 2)
Psychology 1700 with Hayden at Brown University
About this deck
By: Noni Wang
Textbook:
Abnormal Psychology
Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology
Created: 2010-09-04
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 21
Textbook:
Abnormal Psychology Case Studies in Abnormal PsychologyCreated: 2010-09-04
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 21
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Adoption studies
studies designed to compare the concordance rates for a given disorder of biological versus nonbiological parent-child pairs
Genetic linkage
studies looking for the specific genetic material that may be responsible for the genetic influence on particular disorders
Natural selection
the evolutionary theory and process by which organisms tend to change and develop traits and behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction.
Prefrontal lobotomy
The surgical destruction of brain tissue connecting the prefrontal lobes with other areas of the brain
Insulin coma
The surgical destruction of brain tissue connecting the prefrontal lobes with other areas of the brain
Electroconvulsive therapy
A treatment for severe depression that involves passing electric current through the brain to induce seizures
Psychotropic
Mind-affecting medications
Agonists
Drugs that increase neurotransmission
Antagonists
reduce neurotransmission by impeding synthesis of neurotransmitters or by blocking post synaptic receptors
Deep brain stimulation
involves implanted electrodes in key brain locations and may treat severe depression
Four major classes of psychotropic medications:
1. antidepressant2. antipsychotic3. mood-stabilizing4. antianxiety
Psychodynamic
term encompassing all the theories derived from Freud's work; tensions between the conscious and nonconscious cause mental symptoms
Unconscious
part of the mind that seemed to be unacceptable to the conscious mind and was therefore pushed out of conscious awareness through a process called repression
Repression
motivated forgetting: memories pushed out of conscious awareness
Conscious
Mental contents that are within awareness
Topographic theory
Freud's first model of the mind, divided into the unconscious, conscious, and preconscious parts
Preconscious
mental contents that are not the focus of conscious attention but are accessible because they are not repressed
Structural model of the mind
Mind is divided into three parts: id, ego, and superego
id
the part of the mind containing instinctual urges
Superego
the part of the mind that contains moral judgements and evaluated the self
Ego
the part of the mind that is oriented to the external world and mediates the demands of id and superego
Defense mechanisms
Unconscious, automatic mental processes that reduce anxiety by warding off unacceptable thoughts and feelings
Meta-analysis
re-analysis of the combined results of many previous studies
Self-actualization
in humanistic theory, the pursuit of one's true self and needs
Unconditional positive regard
In humanistic theory, the provision of unconditional love, empathy, and acceptance in relationships
Client-centered therapy
a humanistic treatment approach developed by Carl Rogers
Behaviorism
theoretical perspective that emphasizes the influence of learning, via classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling, on behavior
Classical conditioning
learning that takes place via automatic associations between neutral stimuli and unconditioned stimuli
Temporal contiguity
two events occurring closely together in time
Unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that automatically elicits a response through a natural reflex
Unconditioned response
the natural reflex response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a response through classical conditioning
Conditioned response
response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
Phobia
an intense, persistent, and irrational fear of a specific object or situation
Operant conditioning
A form of learning in which behaviors are shaped through rewards and punishments
Reinforcers and punishments
- any environmental response to a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated-Punishments: Any environmental response to a behavior that decreases the probability a behavior is repeated
Law of effect
behaviors that are followed by pleasurable consequences are likely to be repeated while behaviors followed by aversive consequences are not
Three types of learning
classical conditioning, operant, modeling/social learning
Modeling or social/observational learning
learning based on observing and imitating the behavior of other
Extinction
the weakening of a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response
Exposure
technique of deliberately confronting a conditioned stimulus
systematic desensitization
intervention involving gradually increased exposure to a conditioned stimulus while practicing relaxation techniques
Aversion therapy
behavioral technique involving pairing an unwanted behavior with an aversive stimulus in order to classically condition a connection between them
Contingency management
The use of reinforcements and punishments to shape behavior in adaptive directions
Token economies
the systematic use of coin-like tokens as rewards in an operant-conditioning treatment program
Social skills training
the use of operant conditioning techniques and modeling in order to improve social skills
Cognitive
Mental models of the world that are used to organize information
Cognitive restructuring
Therapy techniques that focus on changing irrational and problematic thoughts
Attributions
people's beliefs about the causes of events
Explanatory styles
the patterned ways in which people perceive and explain the causes of life events
Cognitive distortions
irrational beliefs and thinking processes
negative automatic thoughts
negative thoughts generated by negative cognitive schemas
Cognitive triad
one's self, future, and one's world
Cognitive-behavioral
Approaches that combine cognitive and behavioral principles
About this deck
By: Noni Wang
Textbook: Abnormal Psychology
Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology
Created: 2010-09-04
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 21
Textbook:
Abnormal Psychology Case Studies in Abnormal PsychologyCreated: 2010-09-04
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 21
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj