Chapter 2 - Terms
Social Sciences 110 with Jensen at Richland Community College
About this deck
By: Justin Burns
Textbook:
Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach (9th Edition) (MySocLab Series)
Created: 2011-10-08
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 60
Textbook:
Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach (9th Edition) (MySocLab Series)Created: 2011-10-08
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 60
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Culture
The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next.
Material Culture
Jewelry, art, buildings, weapons, machines, and even eating utensils, hairstyles, and clothing.
Non-material Culture
Groups way of thinking (i.e. beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) Doings (i.e. its common patterns of behavior, including language, gestures, and other forms of interaction)
Culture Shock
"the way people ought to be" (i.e. unfamiliar behaviors that are upsetting, for they violated basic expectations)
Ethnocentrism
A tendency to use our own group's way of doing things as a yardstick for judging others.
Cultural Relativism
To counter our tendency to use our own culture as the standard by which we judge other cultures. (A practice principle)
Symbolic Culture
In reference to non-material culture, but referenced because its central component is the set of symbols that people use.
Symbol
Something to which people attach meanings and that they then use to communicate with one another. (i.e. gestures, language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, and mores.)
Language
Symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Challenges Common Sense: It indicates that rather than objects and events forcing themselves onto our consciousness, it is our language that directs our consciousness and hence our perception of objects and events.
Values
Ideas if what is desirable in life.
Norms
Expectations (Rules of Behavior)
Sanctions
Refers to the reactions people receive for following or breaking norms.
Positive Sanctions
Expresses approval for following a norm.
Negative Sanction
Reflects disapproval for breaking a norm.
Folkways
Norms that are not strictly enforced. (i.e. speeding 5-10mph over)
Mores
Serious norms, essential to our core values and we insist conformity. (i.e. do not kill other people)
Taboo
Refers to a norm so strongly ingrained that even the thought of its violation is greeted with revulsion. (i.e. parents having sex with their children)
Subculture
A world within the larger world of dominant culture. (i.e. politicians)
Counterculture
Some of the group's values and norms place theirs at odds with mainstream society. (i.e. motorcyclist)
Pluralistic Society
Made up of many different groups. (i.e. United States)
Value Cluster
Some values are not independent units; some cluster together to form a larger whole. (i.e. success [hard work, education, material comfort, and individualism] make up success)
Value Contradictions
Not all values work together nicely. (i.e. group superiority versus freedom and democracy)
Ideal Culture
Refers to the values, norms, and goals group's consider ideal, worth aiming for.
Real Culture
Norms and values that people actually follow.
Technology
Equated with tools, includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools.
New Technology
Refers to an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life. (i.e. computers, satellites, and the internet)
Cultural Lag
Not all parts of culture change at the same pace. When one part of culture changes, other parts lag behind.
Cultural Diffusion
People learn from one another, adopting things they found desirable. Groups are most open to changes in their technology or material culture.
Cultural Leveling
A process in which cultures become more and more similar to one another. (i.e. globalization of capitalization)
About this deck
By: Justin Burns
Textbook: Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach (9th Edition) (MySocLab Series)
Created: 2011-10-08
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 60
Textbook:
Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach (9th Edition) (MySocLab Series)Created: 2011-10-08
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 60
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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