- StudyBlue
- California
- University of California - Irvine
- Psychology
- Psychology 7a
- Hogedorn
- Chapter 2: the Biology of the Mind
Chapter 2: the Biology of the Mind
Psychology 7a with Hogedorn at University of California - Irvine
About this deck
By: Kerry Duncan
Created: 2010-11-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2010-11-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 1
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biological psychology
a branch of psychology concerned with th links between biology and behavior
neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
sensory neuron
neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
motor neurons
neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
dendrite
the bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
axon
the extension of a neuron ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath
a layer of tatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neuronal impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
action potential
a neural impulse ; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
threshold
the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
synapse
the junction between the axon of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse
reuptake
a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
endorphins
"morphine within" natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
nervous system
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of th peripheral and central nervous systems
central nervous system cns
the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system pns
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
nerves
bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
somatic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles (the skeletal nervous system)
autonomic nervous system
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls he glands and the muscles of the internal organs . its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms
sympathetic nervous system
the vision of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
parasympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
reflex
a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus (knee jerk)
endocrine system
the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
hormones
chemical messengers that are manufactured by he endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues
adrenal glands
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
pituitary gland
the endocrine system's most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth nad controls other endocrine glands
lesion
tissue destruction
brainstem
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival function
medulla
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
reticular formation
a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
thalamus
the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
cerebellum
the little brain; at the rear of the brainstem functions include processing sensor input and coordinating movement output ad balance
limbic system
neural system (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres;associated with emotions and drives
amygdala
two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion
hypothalamus
a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating drinking body temperature)helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
cerebral cortex
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons
frontal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgement
parietal lobes
portion fo the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
occipital lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes ares that receive information from the visual fields
temporal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
motor cortex
an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
sensory cortex
area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement senation
association areas
areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental function such as learning remembering thinking and speaking
plasticity
the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
neurogenesis
the formation of new neurons
corpus callosum
the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
split brain
a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemisphere by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
About this deck
By: Kerry Duncan
Created: 2010-11-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2010-11-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 1
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy