Chapter 2 vocab
Psychology 127b with Ray at University of California - Los Angeles
About this deck
By: tiffany ismail
Created: 2012-01-15
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2012-01-15
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis
Sign up (free) to study this.
agonist
a drug that stimulates receptors normally specific to a particular neurotransmitter.
allele
any of the various forms in which a particular gene is found
amygdala
a subcortical structure of the temporal lobe involve in attention to emotionally salient stimuli and memory of emotionally relevant events
antagonist
a drug that dampens the effect of a neurotransmitter on its receptors; for example, many dopamine antagonist block dopamine receptors
anterior cingulate
in the subcortical region of the brain, the anterior portion of the cingulate gyrus, stretching about the corpus callosum.
attachment theory
the style of an infants attachment to his or her caregivers can set the stage for psychological health or problems later in development
autonomic nervous system ANS
the division of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions; innervates endocrine glands, smooth muscle, and heart muscle; and initiates the physiological changes that are part of the expression of emotion.
behavior genetics
the study of individual differences in behavior that are attributed to difference in genetic makeup
brain stem
the part of the brain connecting the spinal cord with the cerebrum; contains the pons and medulla oblongata and functions as a neural relay station.
brief therapy
time limited psychotherapy , usually ego analytic in orientation and lasting no more than 25 sessions
cerebellum
an area of the hindbrain concerned with balance, posture, and motor coordination
cognition
the process of knowing, thinking, judging, reasoning, and planning activities of the human mind. behavior is now often explained as depending on these processes.
cognitive behavior therapy
behavior therapy that incorporates theory and research on cognitive processes such as thoughts, perceptions, judgments, self statements, and tacit assumptions; a blend of both the cognitive and behavioral paradigms.
cognitive behavioral paradigm
general view that people can best be understood by studying how they perceive and structure their experience and how this influence behavior.
cognitive restructuring
any behavior therapy procedure that attempts to alter the manner in which a client thinks about life so that he or she changes overt behaviors and emotions.
corpus callosum
the large band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
cortisol
a stress hormone secreted by the adrenal cortices; helps the body prepare to face threats
diathesis
predisposition toward a disease or abnormality
diathesis-stress
as applied in psychopathology, a view that assumes that individuals predisposed toward a particular mental disorder will be particularly affected by stress and will then manifest abnormal behavior.
dopamine
central nervous system neurotransmitter, a catecholamine that is also a precursor of norepinephrine and apparently figures in schizophrenia and parkinsons disease
emotion
the expression, experience, and physiology that guide responses to problems and challenges in the environment.
exposure
real life (in vivo) or imaginal confrontation of a feared object of situation, especially as a component of systematic desensitization.
frontal lobe
the anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere, in front of the central sulcus; active in reasoning and other higher mental processes
gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA
inhibitory neurotransmitter that may be involved in the anxiety disorders
gene
the smallest portion of DNA within a chromosome that functions as a piece of functional hereditary information
gene expression
the switching on ad off of the reading (transcription and translation) of genes into their products (usually proteins) and thus their associated phenotypes
gene- environment interaction
the influence of genetics on an individuals sensitivity or reaction to an environmental event
genetic paradigm
since the 20th century, the approach to human behavior that focuses on both heritability of traits and complex interactions between genes and environment
genotype
an individuals unobservable, genetic constitution, that is, the totality of genes present in the ells of an individual; often applied to the genes contributing to a single trait.
gray matter
the neural tissue- made up largely of nerve cell bodies- that constitutes the cortex covering the cerebral hemisphere, the nuclei in lower brain areas, columns of the sinal cord, and the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system
heritability
the extent to which variability in a particular behavior/disorder within a population can be attributed to genetic factors.
hippocampus
in subcortical region of the brain, the long tubelike structure that stretches from the septal area into the temporal lobe.
HPA axis
the neuroendocrine connections amoung hypthalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex, central to the bodys response to stress
hypothalamus
in the subcortical region of the brain, the structure that regulates many visceral processes, including metabolism, temperature, perspiration, blood pressure, sleep, and appetite.
in vivo
as applied in psychology, taking place in a real life situation .
interpersonal therapy IPT
a short term, here and now focused psychological treatment initially developed for depression and influenced by the psychodynamic emphasis on relationships.
molecular genetics
studies that seek to determine the components of a trait that are heritable by identifying relevant genes and their functions
nerve impulse
a wave of depolarization that propages along the neuron and causes the release of neurotransmitter, action potential
neuron
a single nerve cell
neuroscience paradigm
a broad theoretical view that hold that mental disorders are caused in part by some aberrant process directed by the brain
neurotransmitters
chemical substances important in transferring a nerve impulse from one neuron to another; for example, serotonin and norepinephrine
nonshared environment
factors distinct among family members, such as relationships with friends or specific experiences unique to a person
norepinephrine
a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, disturbances in the tracts of which apparently figure n depression and mania. it is also a sympathetic nervous system neurtransmitter, a hormone released in addition to epinephrine and similar in action.
object-relations theory
varient of psychoanalytic theory that focuses on the way children internalize images of the people who are important to them, (their parents) such as these internalized images become part of the ego and influence how the person reacts to the world.
occipital lobe
the posterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere, situated behind the parietal lobe and above the temporal lobes; responsible for reception and analysis of visual information and for some visual memory
paradigm
a set of basic assumptions that outlines the universe of scientific inquiry, specifying both the concepts regarded as legitimate and the methods to be used in collecting and interpreting data.
parasympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that is involved with maintenance; controls many of the internal organs and is active primarily when the organism is not aroused.
parietal lobe
the middle division of each cerebral hemisphere, situated behind the central sulcus and above the lateral sulcus, the receiving center for sensations of the skin and of bodily positions.
phenotype
the totality of physical characteristics and behavioral traits of an individual, or a particular trait exhibited by an individual, the product of interactions between genetics and the environment over the course of development
polygenic
as applied to psychopathology or any other trait, caused by multiple genes contributing their effects, typically during mutliple stages of development.
polymorphism
any specific difference in DNA sequence that exist within a population.
pre-frontal cortex
region of the frontal lobe of the brain that helps maintain an image of threats and rewards faced, as well as maintain focus and plan relevant to those threats rewards.
pruning
in neural development, the selective loss of synaptic connections, especially in the fine tuning of brain regions devoted to sensory processing.
psychodynamic paradigm
general view based on psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theory
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
a cognitive restructuring behavior therapy that assumes much disorder behavior is rooted in absolutistic, unrealistic demands and goals, such as, i must be love universally.
reciprocal gene-environment interaction
the genetic predispostion for an individual to seek out certain enviornments that increase the risk of developming a particular disorder.
About this deck
By: tiffany ismail
Created: 2012-01-15
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2012-01-15
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis