Chapter 2 Vocab

Educational Psychology 201 with Davis at Miami University of Ohio

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By: Lexie Holden
Textbook: Educational Psychology
Created: 2012-02-23
Size: 22 flashcards
Views: 4

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General Principles of Development

1) People develop at different rates

2) Development is relatively orderly

3) Development takes place gradually

Synapses

the tiny space between neurons- chemical messages are sent across these gaps

Assimilation

takes place when people use their existing schemes to make sense of events in their world

Accommodation

occurs when a person must change existing schemes to respond to a new situation

Piaget's Four Stages of Cognitive Development

1) Sensorimotor

2) Preoperational

3) Concrete Operational

4) Formal Operational

Sensorimotor

0-2 years old

Def: involving the senses and motor activity
Characteristics:

Begins to make use of imitation, memory, and thought.

Begins to recognize that objects do not cease to exist when they are hidden.

Moves from reflex actions to goal-directed activity.

Examples: learn to reverse actions

Preoperational

2-7 years old

Def: the stage before a child masters logical mental operations

Characteristics:

Gradually develops use of language and ability to think in symbolic form.

Able to think operations through logically in one direction.

Has difficulties seeing another person's point of view.

Examples:

Concrete Operational

7-11 years old

Def:

Characteristics:

Able to solve concrete (hands-on) problems in logical fashion.

Understands laws of conservation and is able to classify and seriate.

Understands reversibility

Examples: is there the same amount of water in each glass, same amount of clay (after one was squished)

Formal Operational

11- adult

Able to solve abstract problems in logical fashion.

Becomes more scientific in thinking.

Develops concerns about social issues, identity.

Examples:

Frontal lobe

body movement and coordination

Parietal lobe

body sensation

Occipital lobe

visual cortex

Temporal lobe

auditory cortex

How messages are sent across the brain.

Each neuron(nerve cell) includes dendrites that bring in messages and an axon that sends out messages. This is a single neuron, but each neuron is in a network with many others.

Vygotsky's Social Perspective

emphasizes role in development of cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society. Children learn the culture of their community (ways of thinking and behaving) through these interactions.

Zone of proximal development

Zone of Proximal Development

phase at which a child can master a task if given appropriate help and support

Development

refers to relatively long lasting changes that occur in human being between conception and death

Maturation

refers to changes that occur naturally and spontaneously and are genetically programmed

Our development is affected by both

“nature” (maturation, genes, etc. )

and

“nurture” (education, parenting, culture)