Chapter 2 Vocab

StudyBlue printing of Chapter 2 Vocab html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } 3 sensory neurons neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord 24 endocrine system the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream 41 cerebral cortex the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center 11 synapse the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap 29 electroencephalogram (EEG) an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp 44 parietal lobes portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body positions 14 endorphins "morphine within" - natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure 30 PET (positron emission tomography) scan a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose foes while the brain performs a given task 39 amygdala two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotions 8 myelin sheath a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next 37 cerebellum the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; input and coordinating movement output and balance 2 neuron a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system 12 neurotransmitters chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing the generation of a neural impulse 42 glial cells (glia) cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons 43 frontal lobes portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments 5 interneurons neurons within the brain and spinal chord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs 46 temporal lobes portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear 51 neurogenesis the formation of new neurons 6 dendrite the bushy, branching extensions of neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body 17 peripheral nervous system (PNS) the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body 9 action potential a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon 20 autonomic nervous system the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). its sympathetic divisions arouses; its parasympathetic division calms 53 split brain a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them 32 fMRI (functional MRI) a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain functions 18 nerves bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs 10 threshold the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse 31 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy 22 parasympathetic nervous system the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving it's energy 4 motor neurons neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles and motor outputs 28 lesion tissue destruction. a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue 15 nervous systen the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems 40 hypothalamus a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward 35 reticular formation a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal 21 sympathetic nervous system the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations 47 motor cortex an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements 50 plasticity the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience 19 somatic nervous system the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletl muscles 1 biological psychology a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior 16 central nervous system (CNS) the brain and spinal cord 45 occipital lobes portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields 49 association areas areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking 25 hormones chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues 13 reuptake a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron 7 axon the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to which muscles or glands 52 corpus callosum the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them 23 reflex a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response 38 limbic system neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives 34 medulla the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing 27 pituitary gland the endocrine system's most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands 33 brainstem the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions 26 adrenal glands a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress 48 sensory cortex area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations 36 thalamus the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla