Chapter 2

History 2311 with Yick at Texas State University-San Marcos

About this deck

By: Myles Kratzer
Textbook:

The Heritage of World Civilizations: Volume 1 (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-07-18
Size: 13 flashcards
Views: 116

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Five Classics

Ancient Chinese books used in Confucianism as basis of studies; compiled or edited by Confucius. Wanted to resolve turmoil by return to ways of early Zhou.

Classic of Poetry
Classic of History
Classic of Rites
Classic of Changes
Spring and Autumn Annals

Karma

Upanishads. Key to resolving Indian belief of sasmura, the endless cycle of existence which for them holds the key to existence. In Sanskrit it means: work or action. Good deeds bring good results.

Mahavira

540 to 468 B.C.E. The Jains call Mahavira the final Jina, or Tirthankara, in a line of 24 great teachers in the latter half of current world time cycle. Not a God, human teacher who taught to extricate the self from bonds of material world and Karma.

Siddhartha Gautama

Born 566 B.C.E. aka Buddha, founded Buddhism. Yogic meditation under pipal tree in Gaya. One night, moved through different levels of trance, realized all past lives. Achieved full enlightenment - the consciousness of reality as it truly is. Pledged himself to achieving release for all beings.

Four Noble Truths

Buddha (1) All life is suffering - (karma); (2) cause of suffering is desire; ( 3) escape from suffering w/ end of desire and attain nirvana; ( 4) path to nirvana requires rightousness {nirvana beyond time and/or space}

Moses

Beginning of 13th century. Received Ten Commandments from God - Mount Sinai. Most important prophet in Judaism. Led exodus of Isrealites out of Egypt.

The Ten Commandments

Given by God to people of Israel at Mount Sinai. Two stone tablets inscribed by God's fingertips. Moral foundation of Christianity and Judaism.

Messiah

Day of Judgment caps golden age of the Messiah, who Jews believed would establish the kingdom of God on earth. The ideas play a key role in similar Christian and Muslim ideas of a Messianic deliverer, resurrection of the body, and life after death.

Sophists

Group of professional teachers. Emerged in the mid–fifth century B.C.E. Traveled about, received pay for teaching practical techniques of persuasion, such as rhetoric. Didn't speculate about physical universe.

Socrates

469–399 B.C.E. Started new philosophy. Wrote nothing himself. Plato was his pupil. Unlike Sophists didn't charge for education. Committed to search for truth and the knowledge about human affairs he believed reason could reveal.

Cynics

Socratic branch of thought. Distorted the way of thought Socrates embodied. Leader, Diogenes, believed happiness lay in satisfying natural needs in the simplest and most direct way in public. Plato said, Diogenes was Socrates gone mad.

Plato

429–347 B.C.E. Pupil to Socrates. Became greater than master. 1st systematic philosopher. Left 26 philosophical discussions, most in dialogue. Born to noble family, strayed from politics. Founded academy. Believed in polis like Socrates.

Aristotle

429–347 B.C.E. Pupil of Plato. Tutored Alexander the Great at his academy, Lyceum. Members wanted to gather, order, and analyze all human knowledge. Teleological. Views on physical science remained dominant until Newton. Formal logic. Zoology.

About this deck

By: Myles Kratzer
Textbook:

The Heritage of World Civilizations: Volume 1 (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-07-18
Size: 13 flashcards
Views: 116

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis