Chapter 2
Zoology 141 with Friderici at Michigan State University
About this deck
By: Rachel Keeton
Textbook:
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues
Created: 2010-09-27
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 8
Textbook:
Human Heredity: Principles and IssuesCreated: 2010-09-27
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 8
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carbohydrates
Macromolecules
including sugars, glycogen, and
starches composed of sugar
monomers linked and cross-linked
together.
lipids
A class of cellular
macromolecules including fats and
oils that are insoluble in water.
proteins
A class of cellular
macromolecules composed of amino
acid monomers linked together and
folded into a three-dimensional shape.
chromatin
The DNA and protein
components of chromosomes, visible
as clumps or threads in nuclei.
chromosomes
The threadlike
structures in the nucleus that carry
genetic information.
sex chromosomes
In humans, the X
and Y chromosomes that are involved
in sex determination.
autosomes
Chromosomes other than
the sex chromosomes. In humans,
chromosomes 1–22 are autosomes.
cell cycle
The sequence of events
that takes place between successive
mitotic divisions.
interphase
The period of time in the
cell cycle between mitotic divisions.
mitosis
Form of cell division that
produces two cells, each of which
has the same complement of
chromosomes as the parent cell.
cytokinesis
The process of
cytoplasmic division that accompanies
cell division.
prophase
A stage in mitosis during
which the chromosomes become
visible and contain sister chromatids
joined at the centromere.
chromatid
One of the strands of
a duplicated chromosome, joined
by a single centromere to its sister
chromatid.
centromere
A region of a
chromosome to which spindle fi bers
attach during cell division. The
location of a centromere gives a
chromosome its characteristic shape.
sister chromatids
Two chromatids
joined by a common centromere. Each
chromatid carries identical genetic
information.
metaphase
A stage in mitosis during
which the chromosomes become
arranged near the middle of the cell.
anaphase
A stage in mitosis during
which the centromeres split and the
daughter chromosomes begin to
separate.
telophase
The last stage of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes of the
daughter cells decondense and the
nucleus re-forms.
meiosis
The process of cell
division during which one cycle of
chromosomal replication is followed
by two successive cell divisions to
produce four haploid cells.
diploid (2n)
The condition in which
each chromosome is represented twice
as a member of a homologous pair.
haploid (n)
The condition in which
each chromosome is represented once
in an unpaired condition.
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that physically
associate (pair) during meiosis.
Homologous chromosomes have
identical gene loci.
assortment
The result of meiosis I
that puts random combinations of
maternal and paternal chromosomes
into gametes.
crossing over
A process in which
chromosomes physically exchange
parts.
allele
One of the possible alternative
forms of a gene, usually distinguished
from other alleles by its phenotypic
eff ects.
spermatogonia
Mitotically active cells
in the gonads of males that give rise
to primary spermatocytes.
spermatids
Mitotically active cells
in the gonads of males that give rise
to primary spermatocytes.
oogonia
Mitotically active cells that
produce primary oocytes.
secondary oocyte
The large cell
produced by the fi rst meiotic division
About this deck
By: Rachel Keeton
Textbook: Human Heredity: Principles and Issues
Created: 2010-09-27
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 8
Textbook:
Human Heredity: Principles and IssuesCreated: 2010-09-27
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy