Chapter 2
Psychology, Neuroscience And Behaviour 3310 with Tran at East Carolina University
About this deck
By: Amber Cobbett
Created: 2011-07-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2011-07-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
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sensory neurons
a neuron that detects changes in the external or internal environment and sends information about these changes to the central nervous system
motor neuron
a neuron located within the central nervous system that controls the contraction of a muscle or the secretion of a gland
interneuron
a neuron located entirely with in the central nervous system
central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
the part of the central nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, including the nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord.
soma
the cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus
dendrite
a branched, treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron; receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons
synapse
a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane of another neuron
axon
the long thin cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma of a neuron to its terminal buttons
multipolar neuron
a neuron with one axon and many dendrites attached to its soma
bipolar neuron
a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma
unipolar neuron
a neuron with one axon attached to its soma; the axon divides, with one branch receiving sensory information and the other sending the information into the central nervous system
terminal button
the bud at the end of a branch of an axon; forms synapses with another neuron; sends information to that neuron
neurotransmitter
a chemical that is released by a terminal button; has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron
membrane
a structure consisting principally of lipid molecules that defines the outer boundaries of a cell and also constitutes many of the cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus
nucleus
a structure in the central region of a cell, containing the necleolus and chromosomes
ribosome
a cytoplasmic structure, mad of protein that serves as the site of production of proteins translated from mRNA
chromosome
a strand of DNAd with associated proteins found in the nucleus; carries genetic informaion
DNA
a long, complex macromolecule consisting of two interconnected helical strands; along with associated proteins, strands of DNA constitutes the chromosomes
gene
the functional unit of the chromosome, which directs synthesis of one or more proteins.
mRNA
a macromolecule that delivers genetic info concerning the synthese of a protien from a portion of a chromosome to a ribosome
enzyme
a molecule that controls a chemical reaction, combining two substances or breaking a substance into two parts
non-coding RNA
a form of RNA that does not encode for a protein but has functions of its own
cytoplasm
the viscous, semiliquid substance contained in the interior of a cell
mitochondrion
an organelle that is responsible for extracting energy from nutrients
adenosine triphosphate
ATP
ATP
a molecule of prime importance to cellular energy metabolism; its breakdown liberates energy
endoplasmic reticulum
parallel layers of membrane found within the cytoplasm of a cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes and is involved with production of proteins that are secreted by the cell. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the sire of synthesis of lipids and provides channels for the segregation of molecules involved in various cellular processes
Golgi Apparatus
a complex of parallel membranes in the cytoplasm that wraps the products of a secretory cell.
exocytosis
the secretion of a substance by a cell through means of vesicles, the process by which neurotransmitters are secreted
lyboosome
an organelle surrounded by membrane; contains enzymes that break down waste productsd
cytoskeleton
formed of microtubules and other protein fibers, linked to each other and forming a cohesive mass that gives a cell its shape
microtubule
a long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core; part of the cytoskeleton and involved in transporting substances from place to place within the cell
axoplasmic transport
an active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run the length of the axon
anterograde
in a direction along an axon from the cell body toward the terminal button
retrograde
in a direction along an axon from the terminal buttons toward the cell body
gila
the supporting cells of the central nervous system
astrocyte
a glial cell that provides support for neurons of the cns, provides nutrients and other substances and regulates the chemical composition of the extrcelluar fluid
phagocytosis
the process by which cells engulf and digest other cells or debris caused by cellular degeneration
oligodendrocyte
a type of glial cell in the cns that forms myelin sheaths
myelin sheath
a sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons
node of Ranvier
a naked portion of a myelinated axon between adjacent oligodendroglia or Schwann cells
microglia
the smallest of glial cells, act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading mircroorganisms
Schwann Cells
a cell in the peripheral nervous system that is wrapped around a myelinated axon, providing on segment of its myelin sheath
blood brain barrier
a semipermeable barrier between the blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's cappillaries
area postrema
a region of the medulla where the blood brain barrier is week. poison can be detected there and can initiate vomiting
electrode
a conductive medium that can be used to apply electrical stimulation or to record electrical potentials
microeletrode
a very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons
membrane potential
the electrical charge across a cell membrane; the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell
oscilloscope
a laboratory instrument that is capable of displaying a graph of voltage as a function of time on the face of a cathode ray tube
resting potential
the membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by ecitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, approximately 70mV in the giant axon squid
About this deck
By: Amber Cobbett
Created: 2011-07-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2011-07-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
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