Chapter 26-28 Terms
Anatomy & Physiology 806 177 804 with Ihel at Chippewa Valley Technical College
About this deck
By: Sondra Gruenwald
Textbook: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition Atlas and Registration Card Binder Ready Version with Cat Dissection Manual and Lab Manual for A&P 3rd Edition Set
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 22
Textbook: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition Atlas and Registration Card Binder Ready Version with Cat Dissection Manual and Lab Manual for A&P 3rd Edition Set
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 22
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Excretion
getting rid of waste material
Gout
excess uric acid crystals that get deposited in joints - causes pain
Renal Hilus
deep groove where ureter and blood vessels attach to kidney
Cortex
outer edge of kidney
Medulla
inner region of kidney
Peritubular Capillaries
surround tubular portion of nephron
Renal Calculi
the crystal of salts present in urine occasionally precipitate and solidify into insoluble stones called _____________.
Filtrate
blood pressure forces substances (blood) out of glomerulus and into bowman's capsule
Glomerular Filtration Rate
- GFR
- amount of filtrate formed each minute
Diabetes Insipidus
- condition where not enough ADH is produced
- Produces lots of diluted urine; can get easily dehydrated
Diuretics
- substances that slow the re-absorption of water in the kidneys
- Effect is production of more urine
Dialysis
artificial way to filter blood
Glomerulonephritis
an inflammation of the kidney that involves the glomeruli
Polycystic Kidney Disease
common inherited disorder where kidney tubules become riddled with hundreds or thousands of cysts
Urinalysis
analysis of the volume and physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine
Urination
AKA Micturition
AKA Voiding
AKA Voiding
- release of urine from the bladder
Incontinence
lack of voluntary control over urination
Dysuria
painful urination
Nocturnal Enuresis
- bed-wetting
- may be hereditary
- problem usually resolves itself
Urinary Tract Infection
infection of the urinary system
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney
Buffer
prevent drastic changes in pH
Acidosis
- blood pH falls below 7.35
- depresses the nervous system, can lead to coma and death
Alkalosis
- blood pH raises about 7.45
- overexcites the nervous system; can lead to muscle spasms, convulsions and death
Sexual Reproduction
process by which organisms produce offspring
Capacitation
the functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract that allow them to fertilize a secondary oocyte
Cryptorchidism
condition that results when the testes fail to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal life
Inguinal hernia
- results from a tear int eh abdominal wall where inguinal region is; the small intestine bulges through tear
- more common in men
Vasectomy
vas deferens are cut and tied to prevent sperm from leaving testes
Semen
Sperm + Fluids
Circumcision
surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the glans penis
Meiosis
- special type of cell division to produce sperm or egg
- divides twice
- chromosomes pair up and cross over (exchange genes) which creates differences between parent and offspring
Spermatogenesis
the name for the process of sperm formation
Acrosome
cap of sperm that contains enzymes needed for sperm to penetrate egg
Flagellum
tail of sperm - used for movement of sperm
Prostatitis
inflammation of prostate gland
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
prostate gland enlarges
Prostate Cancer
- leading causes of cancer death in men
- blood test for elevated PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
Erectile Dysfunction
- Impotence
- Consistent inability to ejaculate or have/maintain an erection
Perineum
area between the thighs and buttocks that contains external genitals and anus
Episiotomy
surgical incision made to perineum to enlarge vaginal orifice during childbirth
Hymen
thin membrane around vaginal opening, partially closing it
Pap Smear
- AKA Papanicolaou Test
- process of collection and microscopic examination of epithelial cells that have been scraped off the vagina and cervix
Stratum Functionalis
lines the uterine cavity and sloughs off during menstruation
Stratum Basalis
permanent deep layer of endometrium that creates stratum functionalis
Endometriosis
- endometrial tissue leaves uterus and grows elsewhere
- painful and can cause infertility
Hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus and other reproductive organs
Follicles
sacs within the ovaries that contain eggs in various states of development
Mammography
sensitive x-ray to detect tumors of the breasts
performed yearly after age 50
performed yearly after age 50
Menarche
very first menstrual period; around age 12
Oogenesis
egg production
Corpus Luteum
remmenant of a ruptured follicle
Menopause
permanent cessation of menstruation
Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
PMS
- Premenstrual Syndrome
- severe physical and emotional distress that happens during postovulatory phase
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- PID
- any extensive bacterial infection of pelvic (reproductive) organs
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Nephrology
study of anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidneys
Urology
the branch of medicine that deals with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system
State the function of the kidneys
eliminates nitrogenous wastes, water, and some toxins
State the function of nephrons
filter blood and form urine
State the function of calyces
collect urine
State the function of the renal pelvis
collect urine
State the function of the renal corpuscle
renal corpuscle = bowman's capsule + glomerulus
function: filtration
function: filtration
State the function of the renal tubule
re-absorption and secretion
State the function of the collecting duct
collects urine from several nephrons and takes urine to renal papillae
State the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
regulates blood pressure by secreting renin (which helps raise BP)
State the function of the ureters
- connects kidneys to bladder
- uses peristalsis to transport urine from renal pelvis to bladder
State the function of the urinary bladder
stores urine until elimination
State the function of the urethra
carries urine from body; in males also carries sperm from body
State the function of the testes
produce sperm and testosterone
State the function of the scrotum
external sac of loose skin that contains the testes and epididymis
State the function of the seminiferous tubules
tightly-coiled tubes where sperm are produced
State the function of the sertoli cells
protect and nourish developing sperm cells and controls release of sperm
State the function of the Leydig (interstitial) cells
produce testosterone
State the function of the epididymis
stores sperm and this is the place where sperm mature
State the function of the ductus (vas) deferens
carry sperm from epididymis to the urethra; can also store sperm
State the function of the ejaculatory ducts
eject sperm into urethra
State the function of the seminal vesicles
pair of pouch-like organs found at the base of the bladder; produce 60% of semen
State the function of the prostate gland
secretes substances used for energy, enzymes, and a natural antibiotic
State the function of the bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland
secrete alkaline fluide and mucus to lubricate urethra to protect sperm
State the function of the penis
delivers sperm to vagina during ejaculation
State the function of the bartholin's (greater vestibular) glands
produces mucus to add lubrication during intercourse
State the function of the vagina
passageway for menstrual flow; birth canal; female copulatory organ
State the function of the uterus
site of menstruation; site where fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy
State the function of the cervix
narrow, inferior portion of the uterus; produces cervical mucus
State the function of the broad ligaments
anchor uterus to the pelvic cavity
State the function of the fallopian tubes (oviducts)
site of fertilization; transports eggs to uterus
State the function of the fimbriae
finger-like end of fallopian tube which sweeps egg towards itself
State the function of the ovaries
produce eggs (oocytes) and sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
State the function of the ovarian ligament
anchors ovaries to uterus
State the function of the mammary glands
lacation
State the function of the nipple
pigmented projection that contains openings to lactiferous ducts
About this deck
By: Sondra Gruenwald
Textbook: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition Atlas and Registration Card Binder Ready Version with Cat Dissection Manual and Lab Manual for A&P 3rd Edition Set
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 22
Textbook: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition Atlas and Registration Card Binder Ready Version with Cat Dissection Manual and Lab Manual for A&P 3rd Edition Set
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 22
About StudyBlue
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Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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