Chapter 3 Skeleton

1 Minority Populations and Health Chapter 3: The Demography of American Racial/Ethnic Minorities Learning Objectives ? An overview of demographic patterns among U.S. racial/ethnic groups: ? Age Distribution ? Fertility ? Family Formation ? Mortality ?Migration Students will be exposed to: Demography is the science that specialized in the study of populations. Demographers focus on the size, distribution, structure, and patterns of changes of populations. 2 Demographers approach the topic by examining the fertility, mortality, and migration patterns of populations within geographic areas such as nations, regions, or cities. Demographers also conduct research on other aspects of populations such as marriage, divorce, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Figure 3.1. Total and Elderly Population, U.S. 1950-2050 0 50000000 100000000 150000000 200000000 250000000 300000000 350000000 400000000 450000000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Total Population Population above age 65 Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2002) Projected Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. NA274,595,678Total 12.535,305,818Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 0.1398,835Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 3.610,242,998Asian .92,475,956American Indian and Alaska Native 12.334,658,190Black 75.1211,460,626White Percent of TotalNumber of Persons Group Table 3.1. Race/ethnicity in the 2000 Census ? part 1 3 Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. 0.51,285,234Other Asian 0.41,122,528Vietnamese 0.41,076,872Korean 0.3796,700Japanese 0.71,850,314Filipino 0.92,432,585Chinese 0.61,678,765Asian Indian 3.610,242,998Asian Percent of TotalNumber of Persons Group Table 3.1. Race/ethnicity in the 2000 Census ? part 2 (Asians) Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. -108,914Other Pacific Islander -91,029Samoan -58,240Guamanian or Chamorro -140,652Native Hawaiian 0.1398,835Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Percent of TotalNumber of Persons Group Table 3.1. Race/ethnicity in the 2000 Census ? part 3 (Pacific Islanders) Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. NA274,595,678Total 3.610,017,244Other Hispanic 0.41,241,685Cuban 1.23,406,178Puerto Rican 7.320,640,711Mexican 12.535,305,818Hispanic or Latino (of any race) Percent of TotalNumber of Persons Group Table 3.1. Race/ethnicity in the 2000 Census ? part 4 (Hispanic/Latino) 4 Figure 3.2 Racial/ethnic distribution by region 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 North East Midwest South West White Black American Indian Asian Nat Hawaiian/PI Hispanic Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File for states and Census 2000 Redistricting Summary File for Puerto Rico, Tables PL1 and PL2. Figure 3.3. Regional Distribution of each racial/ethnic group 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Total White Black American Indian Asian Nat Hawaiian/PI Hispanic Northeast Midwest South West Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File for states and Census 2000 Redistricting Summary File for Puerto Rico, Tables PL1 and PL2. Figure 3.4. Percentage Resident Population by race/ethnicity, U.S. 1950-2000 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Hispanic Asian/PI American Ind Black White Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2002) 5 By the middle of the 21 st century, white Americans will be a minority Figure 3.5. Projected Percentage Resident Population by race/ethnicity, U.S. 2010-2070 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 Hispanic Asian/PI American Ind Black White Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census:(NP-T5) Projections of the Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Nativity: Middle Series, 1999 to 2100 The Minority-Majority ? White population is a rapidly aging population ? Minority populations are younger with more persons in the child bearing ages 6 Figure 3.6. Age distribution of the US population, 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 <15 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 >64 White Black AI API Hispanic Source: National Center for Health Statistics 2002 Source: Shyrock HS, Siegel JS, and Associates. (1976) The methods and materials of Demography. San Diego, CA: The Academic Press, Inc.; condensed edition edited by Stockwell EG. ??the number of births in a year per 1,000 midyear population.? Page 276 number of live births in a geographic area during a year = --------------------------------------------------- X 1000 mid-year number persons in the population of the geographic area Crude birth rate ??the number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.? Page 278 number of live births in a geographic area during a year = --------------------------------------------------- X 1000 number of females age 15-44 in the population of the geographic area General Fertility rate Box 1. Fertility Rate and Birth Rate Box 3.1. Fertility Rate and Birth Rate ? The total U.S. fertility rate is declining ? Each minority group has a higher fertility rate than whites 7 Figure 3.7. US Fertility Rate, 1950-2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2002) Figure 3.8. Fertility Rates by race/ethnicity, 1980-2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 White Black Hispanic API American Indian 1980 1990 2000 Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2002 Figure 3.9. Distribution of age of mother at birth by race/ethnicity, 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-54 White Black AI API Hispanic Source: National Center for Health Statistics 2002 8 Figure 3.10. Teenaged childbearing by detailed race/ethnicity, 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 White Black API Chinese Japanese Filipino Hawaiian Other Asian Hispanic Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Hispanic American Indian Percent of Live Births Under 18 18 - 19 Source: National Center for Health Statistics 2002 Figure 3.14. Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate by race/ethnicity, 1999 860.7 1147.1 601 517.5 716.1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 White Black Hispanic API American Indian Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2003 Figure 3.15. Percent of racial/ethnic group that is foreign-born, 1960-1990 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year P e rcen t o f E ach G r o u p White Black AI API Hispanic Source: US Bureau of the Census Internet Release date: March 9, 1999 9 Figure 3.16. Country of birth of the Foreign-born U.S. population for each racial/ethnic group of 500,000 or more, 1990 and 1997 7017 1132 1107 913 770 748 734 632 607 606 591 578 542 4298 913 667 737 543 450 334 348 465 640 568 712 745 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Mexcio Philippines China Cuba Vietnam India Soviet Union Dominican Republic El Salvador United Kingdom Korea Germany Canada Number of Persons 1990 1997 Source: US Bureau of the Census, 1999a, Table 3, and Tables 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 aicke Microsoft PowerPoint - Chapter 3 Demography