Chapter 3 terms
Psychology 001 with Benbasset at George Washington University - Foggy Bottom Campus
About this deck
By: Praveen Mahendran
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis
Sign up (free) to study this.
Phineas Gage
Case Study 1848
Paul Broca
did post mortem surgery on patient brought in for gangrene who couldn't speak
found disruption in left hemisphere, called Broca's area
repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
figure 8 coil pulses to selective brain regions to decrease their excitability
the effect is only temporary
Walter Hess
came up with direct stimulation, attaching electrical nodes directly to brain
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
tomography created by x-ray equipment
structural imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
uses large magnet to map electrical signals of brain
structural imaging
Electronecephalogram (EEG)
functional imaging
detects gamma rays emitted by positron emitting radionuclide, who's concentration is reconstructed by computer analysis
functional MRI (fMRI)
measures hemodynamic response to neural activity
functional imaging
Central nervous system
cells encased in bone
brain and spinal chord
spinal chord
carries info to and from CNS
has tracks instead of nerves
controls reflexes
2 types of tracks
epherent motor nerves and apharent sensory nerves
peripheral nevous system
nerves instead of tracks
cells not encased in bone
most attached to spinal chord, except cranial nerves extending from brain
connects internal organs, muscle, and glands to CNS
somatic nervous system
voluntary nervous sytem
autonomic nervous system
involuntary nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomous
fight or flight
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomous
conservation of energy
lower heart rate, breathing, etc. opposite of sympathetic
medulla oblongata
responsible for life support reflexes, coughing, breathing, etc.
damage usually fatal
pons
bridge from lower brain to mid brain
reticular formation
activating system
role in arousal and inducing sleep
cerebellum
maintains body equilibrium and posture
coordinated movement
ballistic movement
classical conditioning (piano, biking)
superior colliculus
controls vision
middle brain
inferior colliculus
controls hearing
middle brain
limbic system
borders brain stem
hypothalamus and hippocampus
hypothalamus
regulates autonomic nervous system
regulates homeostasis
upper brain
hippocampus
upper brain
forms memories
amygdale
upper brain
emotional control and formation of emotional memories
cerebrum
controls complex thought and activity
cerebral cortex
outer surface of cerebrum
has folded ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) to increase surface area
cerebral hemispheres
divided by a deep sulcus
left hemisphere is logic
right hemisphere is creativity
proven by case studies
lateralization of functions
central lateral sulcus, helps define 4 distinct lobes
corpus callosum
connects left and right hemisphere, allowing them to communicatef
frontal lobe
motor control, planning, and inhibition of actions
not responsible for initiation of movement or reflexes
parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex
devotes large sections to more sensitive information
occipital lobe
processes visual information
temporal lobe
processes auditory information
function of neurons
receive, integrate, and transmit info
dendrites
extend from body of neuron
receive info from other neurons
soma
cell body of neuron
axon
long extension that transmits info from neuron to other neurons
wrapped in myelin sheath
myelin sheath
fatty covering that insulates axon and protects signal inside
nodes of Ranvier
pit stops along mylein sheath
reinvigorate signal so it doesn't die
terminal buttons
where signal leaves cell and travels to next neuron
synaptic vesicles
have neural transmitters
go down microtubles to terminal buttons
glia
supportive cells
don't transmit info
remove waste material
absorb, store, and release chemicals
build myelin sheath
ions
negatively or positively charged atoms
action potential
when electrical potential passes threshold of depolarization, and electrical signal is conducted down axon
depolarization
when inside of cell becomes less negative in relation to outside
all-or-none law
acting potential must be reached to induce signal, magnitude of depolarization does not affect magnitude of signal
resting potential
usua;ly -70mV
inside negative relative to outside
neuron at rest as long as its polarized
active mechanisms restore resting potential
polarization
different sides of membrane have different degrees of charges
refractory period
delay in response to the second of two closely spaced psychological stimuli
graded potential
inside becomes a little less/more negative
neurotransmitters attach to dendrites and soma
- depolarize or hyperpolarize membrane
ex. pupil dilation
excitatory input
creates action potential
inhibitory input
prevents action potential
neurotransmitters
chemicals which transmit signals from neuron to target cell across a synapse
synaptic cleft
area between neuron and target cell
reuptake
reabsorption of neurotransmitter by a neuron following impulse transmission across a synapse
acetylcholine
released at end of nerve fibers and involved in transmission of nerve impulses in the body
curare
poison that blocks acetylcholine receptor, eventually causing death
GABA
chief inhibitory transmitter of mammalian CNS
benzodiazepines
enhances GABA
About this deck
By: Praveen Mahendran
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis