Chapter 3

Psychology 110 with Christiecharles at University of Louisiana at Lafayette

About this deck

By: Paul Eiserloh
Created: 2011-09-30
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 21

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

Learning

A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes

Conditioning

The learning of associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses

Habituation

Learning not to respond to stimuli

Instincts

Motivated behaviors that have a strong innate basis

Mere exposure effect

Learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed

Behavioral learning

Forms of learning that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses (e.g. classical and operant conditioning)

Classical Conditioning

is a basic form of learning in which a stimulus that produces an innate reflex becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus, which then acquires the power to elicit essentially the same response

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning
A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

The stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response.
A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

The response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning.
A response that is natural and needs no training

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit the conditioned response

Conditioned Response (CR)

A response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the conditioned stimulus

Extinction

weakening of a condition association in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus or reinforcement

Spontaneous recovery

reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay

Stimulus generalization

involves giving a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the CS

Stimulus discrimination

involves responding to one stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar

Higher Order Conditioning

occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus

Conditioned emotional response (CERs)

Emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to a learned stimulus, such as a fear of dogs or the emotional reaction that occurs when seeing an attractive person, may lead to phobias

phobias

irrational fear responses

Vicarious Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

Positive reinforcements

Stimulus presented after a response that increases the probability of that response happening again

Negative reinforcements

Removal of an unpleasant stimulus, that increases the probability of that response happening again

Continuous reinforcement

reinforcement schedule in which all correct responses are reinforced

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

reinforcement schedule in which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced

Ratio Schedules

effort-based schedules, *provide reward after a certain number of responses

Interval Schedules

time-based schedules ,*provide reward after a certain time interval

Fixed ratio (FR)

rewards appear after a certain set number of responses. (pre-determined)

Variable Ratio (VR)

rewards appear after a certain number of response, but that number varies from trial to trial (ex. Slot machine )

Fixed interval (FI)-

rewards appear after a certain fixed amount of time, regardless of # of responses (ex. Weekly or monthly paycheck)

Variable Interval (VL)

rewards appear after a certain amount of time , but that amount varies from trial to trial. (ex. Random visits from boss who delivers praise)

Positive punishment

The application of presentation of an aversive stimulus after a response

Negative Punishment

· The removal of an attractive stimulus after a response

Shaping

The reinforcement of simple steps n behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior; the reinforcement of successive approximations

Successive approximations

small steps in behavior, one after the other, that lead to a particular goal response

Insight Learning

Problem solving occurs by suddenly perceiving new forms or relationships

Latent Learning

When learning occurs without reinforcement and without any hint that learning took place

Observational Learning (Social Learning)

New responses are acquired after watching others’ behavior and consequences of their behavior

About this deck

By: Paul Eiserloh
Created: 2011-09-30
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 21

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj