Chapter 3
Sociology 210 with Goldberg at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Sophie Hillman
Textbook: Introduction to Sociology (Instructor's Manual and Test Bank)
Created: 2008-11-16
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14
Textbook: Introduction to Sociology (Instructor's Manual and Test Bank)
Created: 2008-11-16
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14
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Culture
consists of the values the members of a given group hold, the languages they speak,. The symbols they revere, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create, from tools to clothing.
values
abstract ideals
Norms
definite principles or rules people are expected to observe; they represent the dos and donts of social life.
Material Goods
the physical objects that a society creates, which influence the ways in which people live.- goods we consume, clothes we wear, etc.
Society
a system of interrelationships that connect individuals together. No culture could exist without culture.
Cultural Turn
sociology?s recent emphasis on the importance of understanding the role of culture in our daily lives.
Sociobiology
the application of biological principles to explain the social activities of animals, including humans.
Instincts
inborn, biologically fixed patterns of act on found in all cultures.
Subcultures
groups that largely reject the prevailing values and norms of society.
Multiculturalism
calls for respecting cultural diversity and promoting equality of different cultures. Acknowledges that certain central cultural values are shared by most people in a society but also that important differences deserve to be preserved.
Ethnocentrism
judging other cultures in terms of the standards of one?s own
Cultural relativism
the practice of judging a society by its own standards.
Cultural Universals
common features that are found in almost all societies
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
the language we use influences our perceptions of the world.
Signifier-
vehicle of meaning-any set of elements used to communicate (sounds made in speech)
Semiotics
- the analysis of nonverbal cultural meanings
Hunting and Gathering Societies
small tribes of no more than 30-40 people with few inequalities and differences in rank limited by age and gender (50,000 BCE to present)
Agrarian Societies
small rural communities, ruled by chiefs, stronger inequalities (12,000 BCE-present)
Pastoral Societies
a few hundred to many thousand people, tend to domesticate animals for food, distinct inequalities, ruled by chiefs/warrior kings (12,000 BCE-present)
Traditional Societies/Civilizations
large, cities exist, trade, agriculture, major inequalities amongst classes, government, king/emperor (6,000 BCE-present)
Industrialization
the emergence of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources.
-Industrialized Societies
discoveries/inventions lead to rapid innovation/technology.
Nation-States
political communities with clearly delimited borders dividing them from each other.
Colonialism
the process of colonies attaining independence.
Developing world
less developed societies than those that have become industrialized.
Newly Industrializing Economies
developing countries that are industrializing.
Nationalism
a sense of identification with one?s people that?s expressed through a common set of strongly held beliefs.
About this deck
By: Sophie Hillman
Textbook: Introduction to Sociology (Instructor's Manual and Test Bank)
Created: 2008-11-16
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14
Textbook: Introduction to Sociology (Instructor's Manual and Test Bank)
Created: 2008-11-16
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 14
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy