Chapter 3
Nutritional Sciences 132 with Andersen at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Bethany Rahja
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2012-02-18
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 18
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2012-02-18
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 18
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Gut
The gastro-intestinal system.
Gastro-Intestinal (GI) System
The digestive system and its accessory organs
Motility
The process of moving food through the gut
Peristalsis
The rhythmic contraction of circular muscles surrounding the gut in such way as to move food forward
Segmentation
Contraction of muscles surrounding the gut in such a way as to mix it with GI secretions
Chyme
The fluid mass of food in the intestinal lumen
Bolus
A mass of food in the gut
Stomach
Digestive organ that acts as a reservoir ad slowly releases food into the small intestine for digestion
Sphincters
Rings of muscles that act as valves, blocking or restricting flow
Esophagus
The passage connecting the mouth and the stomach
Reflux
Flow of stomach acid back into the esophagus resulting in heartburn
Pyloric Sphincter
The valve controlling the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine
Ileocecal Valve
Valve separating the ileum from the colon
Rectum
Final organ of the digestive tract, acting as a reservoir before elimination
Secretion
synthesis and release of substances by cells in response to stimuli
Denature
to act on protein in such a way as to change its chemical and physical properties, so that its configuration or shape is different
Protease
Enzyme responsible for protein digestion
Bile
A secretion of the liver, stored in the gall bladder that emulsifies dietary lipid
Emulsifier
A substance that breaks fat droplets suspended in a water-based medium into smaller particles and keeps them in suspension
Digestion
The chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods and of complex nutrient molecules into simpler components
Peptides
short chains of amino acids, smaller than a protein
Triglycerides
Primary form of lipid in the diet. Formed of three fatty acids on a glycerol backbone
Monoglycerides
Digested form of triglycerides. These and free fatty acids are formed from lipid digestion. Composed of one fatty acid on a glycerol base.
Churning
Muscular contractions of the gut, particularly the stomach, that grind food and mix it with secretions
Absorption
Movement of nutrients from the intestinal lumen into the mucosal cells.
Lumen
The interior of the gut
Mucosa
The cells of the gut lining
Passive Diffusion
Absorption of nutrients that does not require the input of energy. Driven by a concentration gradient.
Diffusion
A movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Contrast with osmosis.
Concentration Gradient
A change in concentration of a substance over a distance
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a membrane in the direction of a concentration gradient, aided by proteins embedded in the membrane
Active Transport
Absorption of nutrients against a concentration gradient, requiring the input of energy
Endocytosis
Absorption of large nutrient molecules involved in engulfing of the molecule by a portion of the cell membrane.
Antibodies
A component of the immune system made from protein
Amylase
Enzyme responsible for starch (amylose) digestion
Lipase
Enzyme responsible for lipid digestion
Small Intestine
digestive organ responsible for most chemical breakdown of foods and most absorption
Duodenum
Initial segment of the small intestine
Jejunum
Middle section of the small intestine
Ileum
terminal segment of the small intestine
Villi
Microscopic fingers lining the surface of the intestinal lumen. Responsible for nutrient absorption. They greatly increase surface area of the intestine
Brush Border
the intestinal villi
Microvilli
hair like projections on the surface of the villi that increase surface area
Large Intestine
digestive organ mostly responsible for water reabsorption from chyme
Colon
The large intestine
Transit Time
The amount of time food spends in passage through the gut
About this deck
By: Bethany Rahja
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2012-02-18
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 18
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2012-02-18
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 18
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj