Chapter 3
Psychology 2606 with King at University of Colorado Boulder
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self-concept
the sum total of an individual's beliefs about his/her own personal attributes
self-schema
a belief people hold about themselves that guides the processing of self-relevant information
affective forecasting
the process of predicting how one would feel in response to future
self-perception theory
when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain self-insight by observing their own behavior
facial feedback hypothesis
changing facial expressions can lead to corresponding changes in emotion
overjustification effect
tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors
social comparison theory
people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others
two-factor theory of emotion
experience of emotion is based on two factors -- physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal
dialecticism
Eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristics within a single person
self-esteem
an affective component of the self, consisting of a person's positive and negative self-evaluations
terror management theory
humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing world views that help to preserve their self-esteem
self-awareness theory
self focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behavior
private self-consciousness
a personality characteristic of individuals who are introspective, often attending to their own inner states
public self-consciousness
a personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others
implicit egotism
a nonconscious form of self-enhancement
self-handicapping
behaviors designed to sabotage one's own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure
bask in reflected glory
to increase self-esteem by associated with others who are successful
downward social comparison
the defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are
self presentation
strategies people use to shape what others think of them
self-monitoring
the tendency to change behavior in response to the self-presentation concerns of the situation
stages of self-disclosure
1) orientation
-stranger, simple facts
2) exploratory exchange
-start to explore more detailed things
3) affective exchange
-walls and barriers still up
4) stable exchange
-NO barriers--can literally tell them ANYTHING
distinctiveness postulate
people tend to focus on their unusual traits during self analysis
ingratiation
use of "spontaneous" and well-constructed flattery
goal=affection
intimidation
aggressive strategy designed to dominate others
goal=fear
self-promotion
boasting behavior (or extreme modesty) focused on personal accomplishments
goal=appear competent
high self-monitors
adapt social behavior to fit situations and public expectations
-better at facial expression, producing emotion on demand, and "reading social situations"
-more concerned with physical appearance of partner
low self-monitors
ignore social demands and act based on personal values and beliefs
-less likely to be persuaded by authority
cutting off reflected failure
distancing ourselves from low-status people or events
eg: take off bumper stickers of losing candidates
About this deck
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