Chapter 30

Biology 101 with Duggins at University of South Carolina - All Campuses

About this deck

By: Joey Swisher
Textbook:

Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)

Short Guide to Writing about Biology, A (7th Edition)
Created: 2010-12-08
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 28

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Name 3 steps in Transcription in Procaryotes

Intiation
Elongation
Termination

Explain Intiation in Procaryotes

RNA polymerase burrows into the promoter

Explain Elongation in Procaryotes

synthesizes polynucleotides complementary to the sense strans using NTP's

Explain Termination in Procaryotes

Inverted repeat is a series of bases where mRNA folds that causes RNA polymerase to stop transcribing. RNA polymerase releases DNA molecule witha complete strand (mRNA)

List 3 steps of Transcription in Eucaryotes

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Explain Initiation in Eucaryotes

There are proteins transcripton factors so RNA can bond to promoter

Explain Termination in Eucaryotes

Has a polyadenylation signal and singnals to stop transcribing

Intron stands for

Intervening Sequence

Exon stands for

Expressed Sequence

Describe Step 1 of Pre-Messenger RNA Processing

Splice out introns: Small nulcear RNA and proteins (Snurps) form Splicesomes which recognize introns and remove them. Then exons are spliced together.

Describe Step 2 of Pre- Messenger RNA Processing

Add a poly A tail: signals for a poly A polymerase, an enzyme that adds a long sequence of adenyne at 3' end. Slows down exonuclease ability and helps with transport of final mRNA molecule

Describe Step 3 of Pre- Messenger RNA Processing

Add a guanosine cap: modified GTP added at the 5' end
Helps transport of final mRNA molecule
Slows down exonuclease digestion

Hypothesis for Introns

Alternative Splicing
Exon Shuffling

Explain Alternative Splicing

Comes up with proteins from a limited number of genes. Slice out introns and splice exons together in different combinations

Explain Exon Shuffling

Introns make genes longer and increases the odds for crossing over in that gene

What does Transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

transfers amino acids to the ribosome for translation

i. tRNA acts as a ____________ between _________ and __________

translator
codons and amino acids

ii. 3' end is the _______________ _______________ _____________

Amino Acid Binding Site

iii. _______________ complimentary to condon on mRNA

anticodon

iv. tRNA always bond to the same ______________

amino acid

v. charging a tRNA -- ___________________-

attaching amino acids to tRNA

vi. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase- _______________________

enzymes used for the charging of tRNA
1. AA + ATP ---> AA~AMP + 2pi's
2.AA~AMP + tRNA leads to: AA~tRNA + AMP

AA + ATP ---> ______________

AA~AMP + 2pi's

AA~AMP + tRNA leads to :

AA~ tRNA + AMP

What is the DNA sequence for an anticodon sequence

DNA - CGC CTC
mRNA- GCG GAG
AntiCodon- CGC CUC