Chapter 4-7 Sociology
Sociology 101 with Hansell/mcdowell at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: eric lorber
Textbook:
Sociology (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-03-23
Size: 41 flashcards
Views: 303
Textbook:
Sociology (9th Edition)Created: 2011-03-23
Size: 41 flashcards
Views: 303
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj
Sign up (free) to study this.
Counterculture
group that actively opposes the values and behavior patterns of the dominant culture
ex. hippes
ex. hippes
Cultural relativism
Principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture
ex. even though we might think a cultural practice is acceptable, it is still valid because it reflects an practice in another culture.
ex. even though we might think a cultural practice is acceptable, it is still valid because it reflects an practice in another culture.
Ethnocentrism
tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as a standard
ex. comparing us to them, looking at them like as different, "like us" or "not like us"
ex. comparing us to them, looking at them like as different, "like us" or "not like us"
Folkway
informal norm that is mildly punished when violated
ex. you chew with your mouth open and good dribbles down your chin, others may show outwards signs of disapproval
ex. you chew with your mouth open and good dribbles down your chin, others may show outwards signs of disapproval
Heteronormative Culture
Culture in which heterosexuality is accepted as the normal, taken-for-granted mode of sexual expression
Institutionalized norm
Pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that is widely accepted in a society
ex. the process to become financially succesfully, go to college, get a degree and enter a entry level job and work your way up
ex. the process to become financially succesfully, go to college, get a degree and enter a entry level job and work your way up
material Culture
Artifacts of a society that represent adaptions to the social and physical environment
ex. clothes, architecture, inventions, food, chair
ex. clothes, architecture, inventions, food, chair
More
Highly codified, formal, systematized norm that brings severe punishment when violated
ex. serving time in prison for armed robbery
ex. serving time in prison for armed robbery
Nonmaterial Culture
Knowledge, beliefs, customs, values, morals, and symbols that are shared by members of a society and that distinguish that society from others
Sanction
Social response that punishes or otherwise discourages violations of a social norm
Sexual Dichotomy
belief that two biological sex categories, male and female, are permanent, universal, exhaustive, and mutually exclusive
Sick Role
set of norms governing how one is supposed to behave and what one is entitles to when sick
ex. having to try and get better, entitled to receive care
ex. having to try and get better, entitled to receive care
Subculture
Values, behaviors, and artifacts of a group that distinguish its member from the larger culture
Transsexuals
People who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo hormone treatment and surgery to change their sex
Agents of socialization
Various individuals, groups and organizations who influence the socialization process
ex. family, friends, teachers, schools, religious institutions, media
ex. family, friends, teachers, schools, religious institutions, media
Anticipatory socialization
Process through which people acquire the values and orientations found in statues they will likely enter in the future
ex. household chores, sports, dance lesson
ex. household chores, sports, dance lesson
Collectivist culture
Culture in which personal accomplishments are less important in the formation of identity than group membership
Eugenics
Control of mating to ensure that "defective" genes of troublesome individuals will not be passed on to future generations
Game stage
Stage in the development of self during which a child acquires he ability to take the role of a group of community (the generalized other) and confirm his or her behavior to broad, societal expectations
Gender
Psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness
Generalized others
Perspective of the larger society and its constituents values and attitudes
Identity
Essential aspect of who we are, consisting of our sense of self, gender, race, ethnicity, and religions
Individualist culture
Culture in which personal accomplishment are a more important component of one's self-concept than group membership
Looking-glass self
sense of who we are that is defined by incorporating the reflected appraisals of others
Play Stage
stage in the development of self during which a child develops the ability to take a role but only from the perspective of one person at a time
Reflexive behavior
Behavior in which the person initiating an action is the same as the person toward whom the action is directed
ex.
ex.
Resocialization
process of learning new values, norms, and expectations when an adult leaves an old role and enters a new one
Role taking
ability to see oneself from the perspective of others and to use that perspective in formulating one's own behavior
Self
Unique set of traits, behaviors and attitudes that distinguishes one person from the next; the active source and passive object of behavior
sex
biological maleness or femaleness
socialization
Process through which one learns how to act according to the rules and expectations of a particular culture
total institution
Place where individuals are cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period and where together they lead an enclosed, formally administered life
Tracking
Grouping of students into different curricular programs, or tacks, based on an assessment of their academic abilities
Account
Statement designed to explain unanticipated, embarrassing, or unacceptable behavior after the behavior has occurred
Aligning action
Action taken to restore an identity that has been damaged
back stage
area of social interaction away from the view of an audience, where people can rehearse and rehash their behavior
cooling out
Gently persuading someone who has lost face to accept a less desirable but still reasonable alternative identity
Disclaimer
assertion designed to forestall any complaints or negative reasonable to a behavior or statement that is about to occur
dramatically
Study of social interaction as theater, in which people project images in front of others
embarrassment
spontaneous feeling that is experienced when the identity someone is presenting is suddenly and unexpectedly discredited in front of other
Front Stage
Area of social interaction where people perform and work to maintain appropriated impressions
About this deck
By: eric lorber
Textbook: Sociology (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-03-23
Size: 41 flashcards
Views: 303
Textbook:
Sociology (9th Edition)Created: 2011-03-23
Size: 41 flashcards
Views: 303
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj