- StudyBlue
- Texas
- University of Texas - San Antonio
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Justice 1133
- Saenz
- Chapter 4 Full Review
Chapter 4 Full Review
Criminal Justice 1133 with Saenz at University of Texas - San Antonio
About this deck
By: Victoria Gonzales
Created: 2011-10-05
Size: 80 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-10-05
Size: 80 flashcards
Views: 13
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What are the 5 basic purposes of policing in democratic societies?
1.enforce the laws of the society of which the police are a part
2.apprehend offenders who participate in crime
3.prevent crime
4.preserve domestic peace and tranquility
5.provide the community with needed enforcement -related services
True or False. Inforcing the law is the only job of police officers
False
The majority of the time the police spend their time
answering non-emergency publc calls
Only about __ to __ calls are actually require a law enforcement response
10% to 20%
True or False. Police cannot enforce all laws
True
Police tend to tailor enforcement efforts to meet needs of
the populace they serve
Apprehending offenders
Many offenders are only caught as the result of extensive police work involving investigation
What is crime prevention?
The appraisal, recognition, and anticipation of a crime risk and the initiation to eliminate or reduce it
What are the 5 techniques of crime prevention
1.barriers
2.surveillance
3.theft-deterrence devices
4.security lighting, and visibility landscapin
5.crime prevention through environmental design (cpted)
What are prevention programs?
organized efforts that focus resources on reducing a specific form of criminal threat
What do prevention programs target? (5 things)
1.school-based crime
2.gang activity
3.drug abuse
4.violence
5.domestic abuse
Examples of prevention programs include
Philadelphia Police Department's Operation Identification
Neighborhood Watch
Crime Stoppers USA
Crime Stoppers International
To predict crime there is the use of:
compstat
crimestat
What is compstat?
A crime-analysis and police-management process built on crime mapping that was developed by NYPD in the mid-1990s
What is the process of compstat?
First, collecting and analyzing information from 9-1-1 calls and officer reports
Second this information is then mapped using special software developed for the purpose
Third the resulting map sequences, generated over time, reveal the time and place of crime patterns and identify hot spots of ongoing criminal activity
What is crime stat?
a windows-based statistical statistics analysis software program for analyzing crime-incident locations
What part of policing is the quality of life?
preserving the peace
What is the quality of life offense?
A minor violation of the law that demoralizes community residents and businesspeople and is sometimes called a petty crime
What acts does the quality of life offense create physical disorder on?
excessive noise, vandalism,graffiti, abandoned cars
What act does the quality of life reflect social decay
panhandling, prostitution, aggressive begging, roaming youth gangs, public consumption of alcohol
Many people claim that reducing the number of quality of life offenses in a community can
Restore a sense of order, reduce the fear of crime, and lessen the number of serious crimes that occur
Criticizers exclaim that
police should not be takin a law enforcement approach to social and economic problems
What is the broken windows model of policing?
by encouraging the repair of rundown buildings and controlling disorderly behavior in public spaces, the police agencies can create an environment in which serious crime cannot easily flourish.
About ___% of the millions of daily calls to 9-1-1 are directed to the police
70 million
What are the three major legislative and judicial jurisdictions that exist in the United States?
federal, state, and local
_______ law enforcement officers, authorized to perform any of the following
139,929
–Conduct criminal investigations
–Execute search warrants
–Make arrests
–Carry firearms
Who was the former director of the FBI?
William Webster
The history of the FBI spans more than
100 years
When did the FBI first begin and what was it called?
1908
Bureau of Investigation
What is the official purpose of the FBI today?
The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners
Where is the FBI headquarters?
J. Edgar Hoover Building on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C.
________ special agents assigned to ___ field offices and _____ satellite offices
13,000
How many field offices are in the FBI
56
How many sarellite offices?
400
The U.S. operates legal attache offics called legats
which help out other countries growing battle of crime and help the U.S. track suspected criminals from the other country operating in the U.S.
What does CODIS stand for?
Combined DNA index system
What is CODIS?
A computerized forensic database of DNA profiles of offenders convicted of serious crimes such as rape, other sexual assaults, murder, and certain crimes against children
Where is the FBI laboratory located?
Quantico Virginia
What are the state law enforcement's two models
centralized model, and non centralized model
What is the centralized model?
The tasks of major criminal investigations are combined with the patrol of state highways
Centralized state police agencies generally
–Assist local law enforcement in investigations
–Operate a centralized identification bureau
–Maintain a centralized criminal records repository
–Provide select training for municipal and county
What police agency is known as the first modern state police agency?
Pennsylvania State Police
What is the decentralized model?
Draws clear distinction between traffic enforcement on state highways and other state level law enforcement functions by creating at least two separate agencies
–Usually have a number of other adjunct state-level law enforcement agencies
North carolina, south carolina, and georgia
What is the nation's largest law enforcement agency?
The NYPD
How many municipal departments are there in a local agencies?
approximately 12,760 3,100 sheriff’s departments
How many sheriff's departments are there?
3,100 sheriff’s departments
Majority of agencies employ fewer than _________ full-time officers
ten
Sheriffs are
the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency the sheriff is usually responsible for law enforcement in unicorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail.
What is the sheriff responsible for?
the sheriff is usually responsible for law enforcement in unicorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail
City police chiefs are typically appointed by ________ or selected by ________
the mayor
the city council
What are fusion centers?
a multiagencylaw enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence.
What was the commission's criticisms?
that law enforcement agencies do not communicate with one another as they should
Police management
The administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating police personnel, resources, and activities
What are the two type of police organization and structure?
line operations
staff operations
Line operations
Field or supervisory activities directly related to daily police work
Staff operations
•Provide support for line operations
Organizations with line operations only
–Authority flows from top down
–No supporting elements
–All line operations are involved in providing field services
–Only the smallest departments have only line operations
Chain of command
The unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to the lowest
•Unity of command
–Every individual officer has only one supervisor
Span of control
The number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer
The political era (1840s – 1930)
–Close ties between police and public officials
–Police tended to serve the interests of powerful politicians and their cronies
The reform era (1930 – 1970s)
–Pride in professional crime fighting
–Focused most of the resources on solving “traditional” crimes
The community policing era (1970s-today)
–Continues to characterize much of contemporary policing today
–Stresses the service role of police officers and envisions a partnership between the police agencies and their communities
The new era
–Made its appearance only recently and is still evolving
–Secure the homeland
-ILP intelligence-led police era
Who was the founder of the three policing styles?
James Q Wilson
What are the three policing styles?
1.the watchmen(which is characteristic of the political era)
2.the legalistic(which is akin to the professional crime fighting of the reform era)
3.the service(which is common today)
What is the watchmen style of policing?
A style of policing marked by a concern for order maintenance. Watchman policin is characerisic of lower class communities where informal police intervention into the lives of resident is employed in the service of keeping the peace
What is the legalistic style of policing?
–Enforce the letter of the law
–Routinely avoid community disputes arising from violations of social norms that do not break the law
–Hands-off approach to behaviors that are simply bothersome
laissez-faire of policing
What is the service style of policing?
–Meet the needs of the community
–Police see themselves more as helpers than as soldiers in a “war on crime”
–More likely to refer citizens to community resources than are other types of agencies
Common today
Police-community relations (PCR)
–An area of police activity that recognizes the need for the community and the police to work together effectively
–Based on the notion that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
–Represents a movement away from an exclusive police emphasis on the apprehension of law violators and increasing the level of positive police-citizen interaction
Team policing
–The reorganization of conventional patrol strategies into “an integrated and versatile police team assigned to a fixed district”
–Experimented with during the 1960s and 1970s
–Officers given considerable authority in processing complaints, from receipt through resolution
A technique to deliver total police services to a neighborhood
Three generic kinds of “corporate strategies” guide American policing
–Strategic policing
–Problem-solving policing
–Community policing
Strategic policing
–Something of a holdover from the reform era
–Emphasizes increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not well controlled by other methods
–Makes use of innovative enforcement techniques
•Problem-solving policing
–Crimes are caused by existing social conditions
–Makes use of community resources
–Attempts to involve citizens in crime prevention through education, negotiation, and conflict management
Gives recognition to service style of policing
Community policing
–A philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques
–Goes beyond strategic policing and problem-solving policing
–Seeks to actively involve the community in crime control
Scientific police management
–The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources
–NIJ
–BJS
–NCJRS
The Kansas City Experiment
–The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices
–Focused on the practice of preventive patrol
–Divided the patrol zones into proactive, reactive, and control
–No significant differences in crime rate or citizen fear of crime
–Greatly affected the assumptions about preventive patrol
Directed patrol
–A police-management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques
–Put the most officers on the street where and when crime is most prevalent
•Conventional wisdom is not always correct
•Evidence-based policing
–The use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers
Evidence-based policing
•EBP uses research into everyday police procedures to evaluate current practices
•Has been called the single “most powerful force for change” in policing today
•Successful law enforcement executives will have to be consumers and appliers of research
•They must use research in their everyday work
Purposes of the Community Policing Act of 1994
–Substantially increase the number of officers interacting with the public
–Provide additional and more effective training to enhance problem solving skills
–Encourage innovative programs to permit community members to assist law enforcement
–Encourage new technologies to assist law enforcement in preventing crime
About this deck
By: Victoria Gonzales
Created: 2011-10-05
Size: 80 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-10-05
Size: 80 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy