Chapter 4: Homeostatic Systems and Drugs

Exceptionality Programs 261 with Smith at Michigan State University

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By: Maryn Ewasyshyn
Created: 2010-09-27
Size: 51 flashcards
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Homeostasis

Equilibrium in the body

How does the body maintain homeostasis?

Using the nervous and endocrine systems

Receptors

The receiving proteins that neurotransmitters attach to. Only interact to specific configurations/shapes

Type of effect from dopamine

inhibitory

excitatory

CNS changes from dopamine

euphoria

agitation

paranoia

altered

Drugs that interfere with dopamine

Amphetamines,

Cocaine

Types of effect from GABA

inhibitory

CNS changes from GABA

cognition

sedation

relaxation

drowsiness

depression

Drugs that interfere with GABA

alcohol,

Valium-type

barbiturates

Types of effect from serotonin

inhibitory

CNS changes from serotonin

sleep

relaxation

sedation

Drugs that interfere with serotonin

LSD

Types of effect from Acetylcholine

excitatory-

inhibitory

CNS changes from Acetylcholine

mild euphoria

excitation

insomnia

Drugs that interfere with Acetylcholine

tobacco,

nicotine

Types of effect from Endorphins

inhibitory

CNS changes from Endorphins

mild euphoria

block pain

Drugs that interfere with Endorphins

narcotics

Dendrites

The receiving region of a neuron

Synapse

The point of communication between one neuron and another

Synaptic cleft

The gap between neurons at the synapse

Excitatory synapse

Initiates an impulse in the receiving neuron when stimulated, causing a release of neurotransmitters or increasing activity in the target cell

Inhibitory synapse

Diminishes the likelihood of an impulse in the receiving neuron or reduces the activity in other target cells

Agonist

Substances or drugs that activate receptors

Antagonists

Substances or drugs that attach to receptors and prevent them from being activated

What are the 2 components of the CNS

The brain
The spinal cord

What does the CNS do?

The CNS receives information from PNS, evaluates information, then regulates muscle and organ activity via PNS

Reticular activating system

Receives input from all the sensory systems and cerebral cortex

Controls the brain’s state of arousal (sleep vs. awake)

Basal ganglia

Controls motor activity

Limbic system

Regulates emotional activities, memory, and endocrine activity

The cerebral cortex

Helps interpret, process, and respond to information

The hypothalamus

Controls endocrine and basic body functions

What is the PNS composed of?

Input and output nerves

PNS input nerves:

Go to the brain and spinal cord

Conveys sensory info (pain, pressure, temperature)

PNS output nerves:

Somatic (control of voluntary muscles)

Autonomic (control of unconscious functions)

Which 2 systems work in an antagonistic fashion to control unconscious, visceral functions such as breathing and cardiovascular activity?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic branch of the PNS

Norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic branch of the PNS

Acetylcholine

The endocrine system consists of

secreting glands (e.g., adrenal, thyroid, pituitary)

The glands of the endocrine system secret substances called

hormones (e.g., adrenaline, steroids, insulin, and sex hormones)

Hormones are secreted into the

bloodstream and carried by the blood to all the organs and tissues of the body.

The pituitary gland targets the

brain
gonads (testes and ovaries)

The pituitary gland secrets the hormones

oxytocin
vasopressin
FSH
LH

The thyroid gland targets the

heart

The thyroid gland secrets the hormone

thyroxin

The pancreas targets the

liver

The pancreas secrets the hormones

insulin
glucagon

The adrenal gland targets the

kidneys

The adrenal gland secrets the hormone

steriods

Consequences of androgens:

Produce growth of muscle mass

Increase body weight

What are structurally related to the male hormone testosterone?

Anabolic steroids

About this deck

By: Maryn Ewasyshyn
Created: 2010-09-27
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 44

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis