Chapter 4
Nursing 3570 with Weatherspoon at Middle Tennessee State University
About this deck
By: Jessica Smithson
Created: 2011-09-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2011-09-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 1
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Anonymity
Conditions in which the subject's identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, with his or her individual responses
Assent to Participate in Research
A child's affirmative agreement to participate in research
Autonomous Agents
Prospective subjects who are informed about a proposed study and who can voluntarily choose whether to participate
Benefit-risk Ratio
Ratio considered by researchers and reviewers of research as they weigh potential benefits (positive outcomes) and risks (negative outcomes) of a study; used to promote the conduct of ethical research
Breach of Confidentiality
Accidental or direct action that allows an unauthorized person to have access to raw study data
Coercion
Overt threat of harm or excessive reward intentionally presented by one person to another in order to obtain compliance; an example is offering prospective subjects a large sum of money to participate in a dangerous research project
Confidentiality
Management of private data in research in such a way that only the researcher knows the subjects’ identities and can link them with their responses
Consent Form
Written form, tape recording, or videotape used to document a subject's agreement to participate in a study
Covered Entities
Public or private entity that processes or facilitates the processing of health information
Covert Data Collection
Data collection that occurs without subjects’ knowledge or awareness
Data Use Agreement
Agreement that limits how the data set with health information may be used and how it will be protected in research
Deception
Misinforming subjects for research purposes. After a study is completed, subjects must be debriefed or informed of the true purpose and outcomes of a study so that areas of deception are clarified
Diminished Autonomy
Condition of subjects whose ability to give informed consent voluntarily is decreased because of legal or mental incompetence, terminal illness, or confinement to an institution
Discomfort and Harm
Phrase used to describe the degree of risk for a subject participating in a study. These levels of risk include no anticipated effects, temporary discomfort, unusual levels of temporary discomfort, risk of permanent damage, or certainty of permanent damage
Ethical Principles
Principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice that are relevant to the conduct of research
Principle of Beneficience
Ethical principle that encourages researchers to do good and “above all, do no harm.”
Principle of Justice
Ethical principle stating that human subjects should be treated fairly
Principle of Respect for Person(s)
Principle indicating that each person has the right to self-determination and the freedom to participate or not participate in research
Fabrication
A form of scientific misconduct in research that involves making up results and recording or reporting them
Falsification
A type of scientific misconduct that involves manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results, such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record
Human Rights
Claims and demands that have been justified in the eyes of an individual person or by the consensus of a group of people and are protected in research
Individually identifiable health information
any information collected from an individual that is created or received by healthcare provider, health plan, or healthcare clearinghouse; related to past, present, or future health condition, the provision of health care , or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care, and identifies the individual; or with respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe that the information can be used to identify the individual
Informed Consent
Agreement by a prospective subject to participate voluntarily in a study after he or she has assimilated essential information about the study
Institutional Review
Process of examining studies for ethical concerns by a committee of peers
Complete Review
Type of institutional review process for studies with risks that are greater than minimal. The review of a study is extensive or complete by an institutional review board
Exempt from Review
Designation given to studies that have no apparent risks for the research subjects and thus are designated as exempt by an institutional review board
Expedited Review
Institutional review process for studies that have some risks, but the risks are minimal or no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
A committee that reviews research to ensure that the investigator is conducting the research ethically
Invasion of Privacy
Sharing private information with others without a person's knowledge or against his or her will
Minimal Risk
Research subject's risk of harm anticipated in the proposed study that is not greater, considering probability and magnitude, than that ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations
Nontherapeutic Research
Research conducted to generate knowledge for a discipline; the results might benefit future patients but will probably not benefit the research subjects
Permission to Participate in Research
The agreement of parent(s) or guardian to the participation of their child or ward in research
Plagiarism
A type of scientific misconduct with appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit, including those obtained through confidential review of others’ research proposals and manuscripts
Privacy
Freedom to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private information will be shared with or withheld from others
Research Misconduct
Intentional deviation from practices commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research. May include fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism; does not include honest errors or honest differences in interpretation or judgment of data
Therapeutic Research
Research that provides a patient with an opportunity to receive an experimental treatment that might have beneficial results
Voluntary Consent
Decision made by a prospective subject, of his or her own volition, without coercion or any undue influence, to participate in a research study
About this deck
By: Jessica Smithson
Created: 2011-09-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 1
Created: 2011-09-20
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 1
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj