Chapter 4

Communication Science And Disorders 406 with Hadziselimovic at Northwestern University

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By: Lesley Rivetto
Created: 2011-09-22
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Define meninges

Membranous coverings that stabilize the shape and position of the CNS during head and body movements

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

Dura (Mater)

Arachnoid

Pia (Mater)

What is another name for the dura mater?

Pachymeninx

What is another name for the pia-arachnoid?

Leptomeninges

Describe the two potential spaces associated with the dura.

Epidural space (between cranium and periosteal layer)

Subdural space (between dura and arachnoid)

Define dural reflection/dural septum

Inner dural layer folds in on itself as a sheetlike protrusion into the cranial cavity

Name the major dural reflections

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

Diaphragma sellae

What are dural venous sinuses?

Where two layers of dural reflections separate to form venous channels into which cerebral veins carry and empty blood

Describe characteristics of dura mater

Provides mechanical strength

Contains venous sinuses to drain the brain

Has its own blood supply

Is pain sensitive

Has an arachnoid lining

From which cranial nerve does the cranial dura receive sensory innervation?

Trigeminal nerve

What causes headaches?

Deformation of dural nerve endings (location near either meningeal arteries or dural sinuses affect the pain felt)

Which layers of meninges conform to general shape of brain (versus following the exact contours of brain's surface)?

Dura and arachnoid conform generally

Pia closely covers external surface of brain

Define subarachnoid space

Space, filled with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), between the arachnoid and pia mater; called cisterns when the region has considerable volume of fluid

Define arachnoid villi

Small evaginations of the arachnoid into dural sinuses; major sites of reabsorption of CSF into the venous system; one-way valve system to which the exact functioning is unknown

What are the major differences between cranial and spinal meninges?

1. Cranial meninges dura mater is double layered, attached to inner calverial surface while spinal meninges dura mater is single layered, suspended in vertebral canal

2. Epidural space is potential between periosteum and calvaria in cranial meninges but real space between dura and vertebral periosteum in spinal meninges

Where is CSF often drawn from the body (which cistern)?

Lumbar cistern (little risk of damaging CNS)

Tearing of meningeal arteries can cause what?

Epidural hematoma (bleeding that opens up the potential epidural space)

Tearing of veins where they enter venous sinuses can cause what?

Subdural hematoma

(most common: tear of cerebral vein as it penetrates arachnoid and enters a dural sinus)

typically cresent-shaped and do not cross the midline because they cannot get past the falx cerebri

What are 3 common herniations of the brain?

1. cingulate gyrus slip under the falx cerebri and press on the opposite cingulate gyrus

2. expanding mass in temporal lobe pressed the midbrain

3. expanding mass pushes tonsil of cerebellum to compress the medulla

About this deck

By: Lesley Rivetto
Created: 2011-09-22
Size: 19 flashcards
Views: 8

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
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