Chapter 4
Business Mgt304 with Romero at University of Miami
About this deck
By: Lauren Tonge
Created: 2011-09-29
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 9
Created: 2011-09-29
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 9
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perception
–The process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve, and respond to information from the world around them
3 factors influencing perception process
Perceiver, setting, perceived
Stereotypes or prototypes
–Combines information based on the category or class to which a person, situation, or object belongs –Individual differences are obscured –Strong impact at the organization stage
Halo effects
–Occur when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the individual or situation
Selective perception
–The tendency to single out for attention those aspects of a situation, person, or object that are consistent with one’s needs, values, or attitudes.
Projection
–The assignment of one’s personal attributes to other individuals
Contrast effects
–Occur when an individual’s characteristics are contrasted with those of others recently encountered, who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics
Self fulfilling prophecy
–The tendency to create or find in another situation or individual that which one expected to find
Impression management
–A person’s systematic attempt to behave in ways that create and maintain desired impressions in others’ eyes
Attribution
process of creating explanations for events
•Fundamental attribution error
–tendency to underestimate the influence of situational factors and to overestimate the influence of personal factors in evaluating someone else’s behavior
Self-serving bias
–tendency to deny personal responsibility for performance problems but to accept personal responsibility for performance success
Social learning theory
–uses modeling or vicarious learning to acquire behavior through observing and imitating others by means of perception and attribution.
reinforcement
–The administration of a consequence as a result of a behavior
Law of effect
–Behavior that results in a pleasant outcome is likely to be repeated while behavior that results in an unpleasant outcome is not likely to be repeated
Positive reinforcement
–The administration of positive consequences to increase the likelihood of repeating the desired behavior in similar settings
Shaping
–the creation of a new behavior by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior
continuous reinforcement
–Administers a reward each time the desired behavior occurs
Intermittent reinforcement
–Rewards behavior periodically — either on the basis of time elapsed or the number of desired behaviors exhibited
negative reinforcement
strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Ionion school of thought
real= tangible
Athenian school of thought
real also includes intangibles
Galatea effect
if you have high expectations, will have successful future, vice versa for negative
Pygmalion effect
if have high expectations, seen through nonverbal actions and people will accomodate
expectations have direct effects upon results
expectations have direct effects upon results
Behaviorism learning theory
Stimulus------ Response-----Feedback
Punishment
administration of a negative consequence
Discipline
information + punishment
Expectation cycle
Form expectations----communicate------match-----our expectations come true
Johari windom model
KK= arena (public)
KU= Blind area
UK= private area
UU= unknown
Want arena as large as possible
First letter= others (known or unknown)
second letter= self
KU= Blind area
UK= private area
UU= unknown
Want arena as large as possible
First letter= others (known or unknown)
second letter= self
Behaviorism learning theory
Stimulus- Response- Feedback
About this deck
By: Lauren Tonge
Created: 2011-09-29
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 9
Created: 2011-09-29
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 9
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis