chapter 4
Earth And Atmospheric Sciences 110 with Borho at University of North Dakota
About this deck
By: Kira Johnson
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 35 flashcards
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Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 0
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variable gases
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone
most important variable gas
water vapor
water vapor is most abundant in the.....
troposhpere
solid (water)
well organized structure, hydrogen bonds, hexagonal, molecules locked into place, cannot move but vibrate in position
liquid (water)
energy breaks hydrogen bonds, molecules close together, greater density than solid. (ice floats)
gas (water)
each molecule has higher energy than in liquid, greater molecular distances
evaporation
more water molecules leaving water surface than returning, sub-saturated
evaporation rate depends on
water temperature, wind speed, moisture content of air
saturation
equal numbers of water molecules leaving surface as returning, equilibrium.
condensation
more water molecules returning water surface than leaving, super-saturation.
condensation rate depends on
temperature
condensation of water vapor into liquid water is more likely to occur when.....
the vapor cools and slows, and attaches to nuclei.
moisture variable
water vapor pressure, relative humidity, dew point
Dalton's law
the total pressure of a mixture of gasses is the sum
law of partial pressures
total pressure is equal to sum of pressures
water vapor pressure
pressure exerted by water vapor molecules in the air. depends on the actual amount (or mass) of water vapor in air
low water vapor pressure
few molecules, small mass
high water vapor pressure
many molecules, large mass
actual water vapor pressure
actual pressure exerted by the water vapor molecules in the air, the airs total water vapor content
actual water vapor pressure depends on
rate of evaporation (temperature), source of moisture
saturation water vapor pressure
the pressure that the water vapor molecules would exert if the air were saturated with vapor at a given temperature, describes how much water vapor is necessary to make the air saturated at any given temperature
saturation water vapor pressure depends on
temperature
boiling point
point at which the water vapor pressure is equal at atmospheric pressure, water molecules gain energy, phase change to gas
boiling point temperature changes with
atmospheric pressure (low pressure, low temperature) (high pressure, high temperature)
boiling point vs. pressure
the lower the air pressure, the lower the saturation vapor pressure and, hence the lower the boiling point temperature of water
relative humidity
the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor required for saturation at that particular temperature
relative humidity = water vapor content / water vapor capacity
relative humidity x 100
a measure of how close the air is to saturation, described as a percent
relative humidty = actual vapor pressure / saturation vapor pressure x 100
saturated vs. subsaturated vs. supersaturated
RH < 100% = subsaturated
RH = 100% , saturated
RH > 100% = super saturated
changes in relative humidity
change water vapor content, change air temperature.
RH = actual vapor pressure / saturation vapor pressure x 100
dew point temperature
temperature to which air must be cooled in order for it to become saturated with respect to liquid water at the initial pressure, a measure of the actual amount of moisture in the air.
frost point temperature
temperature to which air must be cooled in order for it to become saturated with respect to ice at the initial pressure. temperature less than 0 degrees C
dew point temperature used in the prediction of
dew formation, frost formation, fog formation, minimum temperatures on calm clear nights
dew point temperature depends on
moisture content of air
wet bulb temperature
the temperature to which air is cooled by evaporating water into it at constant pressure until the air is saturated. moisture is added to the atmosphere by evaporation, energy for evaporation comes from air
heat index
an index that combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine an apparent temperature, how hot it feels.
About this deck
By: Kira Johnson
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 0
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 0
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
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