Chapter 4.doc

HD101/Peeples Chapter 4 Emergence of Thought and Language Piaget Classify & label construct knowledge adapt to environment Notes on Piaget ?. Adaptation ?key to understanding knowledge file folder = scheme Increase in # & complexity Assimilation- mental construct taken out into the world and experience matches construct Accommodation- change or alter mental construct Piaget?s stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations Piaget?s stages of cognitive development Sensorimotor 0-2 years 6 substages 1. reflexes-only cognitive function at birth 0-1 month only schemes are reflexive behaviors HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY&feature=related" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY&feature=related 2. primary circular reactions 1-4 months Circular reaction = behavior that produces an event which leads to repetition of that behavior primary - involves only the infant?s body 3. secondary circular reactions 4-9 months involve an external object (outside the body) which produces an interesting sensory outcome HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6BMiscDVGA" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6BMiscDVGA 4. coordination of secondary reactions 9-12 months Chains together several behaviors to reach a goal 5. Tertiary circular reactions 12-18 months similar to 2ndary experiments with various ways to manipulate an object 6. Internalization of schemes beginnings of representational thought 18-24 months make one thing stand for something else (Pretend play - banana telephone) representational thought How do you know that your apartment or dorm room exists? Object permanence ? hallmark of sensorimotor stage Piaget believed that it developed slowly over the sensorimotor stage not fully developed until the 6th substage HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjBh9ld_yIo" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjBh9ld_yIo Preoperational thinking capability: symbolic/representational thinking 2-6 months Pre-op limitations centration- focus on one thing?one dimension define reality by surface appearance= Conceptual tools conservation classification seriation transitive inference conservation certain characteristics remain unchanged despite superficial changes HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsk5NPT_j_Y" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsk5NPT_j_Y classification Creating a category Lack of: HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYtNk0BotRE&feature=related" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYtNk0BotRE&feature=related seriation Arrange objects in logical order Transitive inference If A > B, and B > C, then A > C understanding relationships Syllogisms-nonsense rhymes Hallmark of preoperations Vygotsky zpd = Zone of Proximal Development = tasks that kids can?t accomplish alone, may be mastered with assistance of a more skilled partner HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6oQfZ-PrwM" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6oQfZ-PrwM scaffolding Accurately assessing academic level Set goal at the right developmental level Fully assist Withdraw assistance Private speech- verbal cues; out loud speech; provides guidance ?righty tighty, lefty loosey? Piaget -enriched environment -individual learning Vygotsky -guided learning -teacher