Chapter 5
Zoology 341 with Buell/sears at Michigan State University
About this deck
By: Zack Gould
Created: 2011-09-23
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 7
Created: 2011-09-23
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 7
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o Mendelian inheritance
§ Describes inheritance patterns that obey two laws · The law of segregation · The law of independent assortment
o Wild-type allele
§ Prevalent alleles in the natural population
o Genetic polymorphism
In large populations, more than one wild-type allele may occur
o Mutant alleles
§ Random mutations occur in populations and alter preexisting alleles
o Gain-of-function mutations
§ Such mutations change the gene or the protein encoded by a gene so it gains a new or abnormal function
o Dominant negative mutations
§ The protein encoded by the mutant gene acts antagonistically to the normal protein
o Haploinsufficiency
§ The mutant allele is a loss-of-function allele
o Incomplete dominance
§ Condition in which the phenotype is intermediate between corresponding homozygous individuals
o Overdominance (aka heterozygote advantage)
§ The phenomenon in which a heterozygote has greater reproductive success compared with either of the corresponding homozygotes
o Homodimer
When both subunits are encoded by the same gene
o Multiple alleles
§ Genes found in 3 or more alleles
o Codominance
§ The phenomenon in which two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual
o Sex-Influenced inheritance
§ Phenomenon in which an allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the opposite
o Sex-linked inheritance
§ A trait occurs only in one of the two sexes
o Sexual dimorphism
§ Members of the opposite sex have different morphological features
o Lethal allele
§ An allele that has the potential to cause the death of an organism
o Essential gene
§ When the absence of a specific protein results in a lethal phenotype
o Nonessential genes
§ Not absolutely required for survival
o Pleiotropy
§ Multiple effect from one gene on the phenotype
o Gene interaction
§ In which two different genes interact to influence the outcome of particular traits
o Epistasis
§ When the alleles of one gene mask the phenotypic effects of the alleles of another gene at a different locus
o Complementation
§ The production of offspring with a wild-type phenotype from parents that both display the same or similar recessive phenotype
o Gene knockout
§ When a geneticist abolishes gene function by creating an organism that is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele
o Gene Redundancy
§ Phenomenon that one gene can compensate for the loss of function of another gene
o Paralogs
§ Certain genes duplicated during evolution, which are not identical due to the accumulation of random changes during evolution
· Penetrance
o The frequency with which a heritable trait is manifested by individuals carrying the gene
· Incomplete penetrance
o When penetrance is less than 100% o Cause § Environmental factors § Epistasis
Pattern baldness
Males only need one dominant allele BB or Bb
Females need both to be dominant only BB
Females need both to be dominant only BB
About this deck
By: Zack Gould
Created: 2011-09-23
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 7
Created: 2011-09-23
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 7
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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