Chapter 5
Psychology 465 with Gliniecki at George Mason University
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What is Psychophysics
the study of physical stimuli and the psychological reaction to them
Weber:
____________ senses
____________ senses
tactile sense
Werber:
Tactile senses
Tactile senses
relative sensitivity of various areas on the surface of the body
Werber:
Two Major contributions
Two Major contributions
1) Mapping the relative sensitivity of various locations on skin
2) Werbers law
2) Werbers law
Weber:
"tactile sense uses two point threshold for any place on skin... the point where perception changes from feeling one point to two"
"tactile sense uses two point threshold for any place on skin... the point where perception changes from feeling one point to two"
two-point discrimination threshold
Werber:
Werbers Law
Werbers Law
demonstrating a mathematical relationship between the psychological and physical
Werber:
Werbers Law: Stimulus A increases in in tensity... what happens?
Werbers Law: Stimulus A increases in in tensity... what happens?
it takes progressively larger difference between Stimulus A and Stimulus B for a person to detect a difference between the two
Werber:
Point where people can distinguish between two different weights
Point where people can distinguish between two different weights
JND
Werber:
Significance of his findings- He was able to measure ______________
Significance of his findings- He was able to measure ______________
He was able to measure mental events
Werber:
Significance of findings- Showed our understanding of __________ involves more than just the ___________________ of the stimuli
Significance of findings- Showed our understanding of __________ involves more than just the ___________________ of the stimuli
Showed our understanding of perception involves more then just the physical properties of the stimuli
Werber:
Significance of his findings- Showed ________ and ____________ events can be realized through ____________________.
Significance of his findings- Showed ________ and ____________ events can be realized through ____________________.
Showed mental and physical events can be realized through mathematical equation.
Fechner:
interest in ______________ problemq
interest in ______________ problemq
mind-body problem
Fechner:
supporter of materialism?
supporter of materialism?
NO! Wanted to defeat it
Fechner:
_________ vs ___________
_________ vs ___________
"day view" vs. "night view"
Fechner:
"Day view"- world has ________________
"Day view"- world has ________________
world has Collective consciousness goes beyond individual consciousness
upon death- individual conscious merges with collective conscious
upon death- individual conscious merges with collective conscious
Fechner:
"night view"- ________ is important
- development of ________
"night view"- ________ is important
- development of ________
mind is more important
development of psychophysics
development of psychophysics
Ebbinghaus:
wanted to study higher mental process of ________
wanted to study higher mental process of ________
memory
Ebbinghaus:
mathematical equation to show the effects of ___________ and _______
mathematical equation to show the effects of ___________ and _______
effects of learning and relearning
Ebbinghaus:
criticized because...
criticized because...
used only lab experiments
Bartlett-
same experiment but used __________ instead of _________________
same experiment but used __________ instead of _________________
conrolled demonstrations instead of nonsense syllables
Bartlett:
experiments showed memory is _________, ___________ and ___________
experiments showed memory is _________, ___________ and ___________
memory is active, constructive and individual
Two Point Discrimination Method used to measure ____________________________
mental fatigue of kids in germany
Fatigue impairs what?
students ability to distinguish between two points of stimulation
View of Intelligence
general ability to combine pieces of information
see relationships and arrive at conclusions
see relationships and arrive at conclusions
Looked at _______________ as well as memory
reasoning ability
Brentano:
had a problem with what part of the church?
had a problem with what part of the church?
doctrine of papal infallibility
published a critique about it
felt, due to historical evidence, it was impossible to accept
published a critique about it
felt, due to historical evidence, it was impossible to accept
Brentano:
_____________ view of psychology
_____________ view of psychology
Empiricist- based on experience
Wundt vs Brentano:
inductive vs deductive
inductive vs deductive
Brentano- deductive approach
Wundt- inductive approach
Wundt- inductive approach
Wundt Vs Brentano:
products of mental actions vs act psychology
products of mental actions vs act psychology
Brentano- wanted to study Mental Acts
Wundt- wanted to study products of mental acts
Wundt- wanted to study products of mental acts
Brentano:
Mental Acts (3)
Mental Acts (3)
Ideating
Judging
Loving vs Hating
Judging
Loving vs Hating
Wundt Vs Brentano:
internal vs external observation
internal vs external observation
Brentano- external observations
Wundt- internal observations
Wundt- internal observations
Brentano:
methods of psychology (3)
methods of psychology (3)
memory
imagination
populations
imagination
populations
Brentano:
methods of psych- memory
methods of psych- memory
mental acts observed in memory
studied quietly and empirically
studied quietly and empirically
Brentano:
method of psych- imagination
method of psych- imagination
possible to intellectually arous various mental phenomena for study
Brentano:
method of psych- populations
method of psych- populations
study and compare mental phenomena in diff populations
(children, insane, animals)
(children, insane, animals)
Brentano:
in perspective- formulation of ______________________ approach to that of Wundt
in perspective- formulation of ______________________ approach to that of Wundt
comptemorary rival
Brentano:
in perspective- ____________ important historical predecessor to the american functional psychologies
in perspective- ____________ important historical predecessor to the american functional psychologies
Mental Acts
Brentano:
in perspective- two important studies
in perspective- two important studies
A. Ehrenfels- form quality- Gestalt
B. Stumpf
B. Stumpf
Stumpf:
subject in...
subject in...
Weber and Fechners experiments
Stumpf:
nativist view of _____________
nativist view of _____________
depth perception (interpretation)
Stumpf:
________ view of depth perception (interpretation)
________ view of depth perception (interpretation)
Nativistic view
Stumpf:
______ psychology
______ psychology
Tone Psychology
Stumpf:
Tone Psychology
Tone Psychology
compilation of studies of the phenomenological characteristics of sound of diff instruments, determinants of melody, and consonance and dissonance of tones.
Stumpf:
phenomena ( __________ or ________) vs mental functions
phenomena ( __________ or ________) vs mental functions
sensory or imaginary
Stumpf:
phenomena
phenomena
tones, colors and images
Stumpf:
psychology = ________ processes
psychology = ________ processes
higher mental processes
Stumpf:
Society
Society
Society for Child Psychology
Stumpf:
Society for child Psychology
Society for child Psychology
research organization supporting studies of children (mental life)
observational approach
observational approach
Stumpf:
lesson from Clever Hans
lesson from Clever Hans
showed need to test for experimental effects
Stumpf:
showed need to test for experimenter effects- lesson from ___________
showed need to test for experimenter effects- lesson from ___________
Clever Hans
Kulpe:
aim of his experimental lab was...
aim of his experimental lab was...
to develop a positivistic general psychology...
Kulpe:
positivist position includes _____ phenomena such as...
positivist position includes _____ phenomena such as...
complex phenomena
such as thinking, judging, remembering and doubting
such as thinking, judging, remembering and doubting
Kulpe:
Positivist position- says only certain knowledge obtained through ____________________________
Positivist position- says only certain knowledge obtained through ____________________________
objective publicity observable events
Kulpe:
implications of ________ experiments about Wundt
implications of ________ experiments about Wundt
Marbe's experiment
Kulpe:
Implications of Marbes experiments about Wundt
Implications of Marbes experiments about Wundt
1. Wundt believed there were 3 elements of consiousness (sensations, images and feelings)
2. more consious experience than Wundt thought
3. Act of judging includes other mental acts (hesitation)
2. more consious experience than Wundt thought
3. Act of judging includes other mental acts (hesitation)
Brians study on __________________
nonsense syllables
Brians study on nonsense syllables-
showed what about sensations?
showed what about sensations?
not sufficient to place them in mental experience
Brians study on nonsense syllables:
Abstraction of desired element based on ______ acts they termed ______
Abstraction of desired element based on ______ acts they termed ______
abstraction of desired element based on active mental acts they termed apprehension
What happened to the German psychologists because of WWI and WWII
lost ties with many psychologist friends in allied countries
research burned or lost
research burned or lost
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