Chapter 6 Cell

Biology 213 with Fondufe at George Mason University

About this deck

By: Afreen Habib
Textbook:

Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)

Life: The Science of Biology
Created: 2011-03-29
Size: 14 flashcards
Views: 14

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Microscopy

magnification (ratio of apparent size of an object to its real size)
resolving power (minimum distance 2points can be separated and still be distinguished)

Light Microscope

light goes through glass lenses
mag 1000x
resol. 0.02 um

Electron Microscope

beam of electrons instead of light
resol. 0.002
scanning (surface of specimen)
transmission (internal ultrastructure

Ultrastructure

cellular anatomy seen by electron microscope

Cell Fractionation

break cell into its component parts

Types of Cells

Prokaryotic (no membrane bound nucleus)
Eukaryotic (double membrane bound nucleus)

both surrounded by plasma membrane

Plasma Membrane

selective barrier
allows nutrients, waste, and oxygen to pass
needs large surface area to volume ratio for efficient transfer

Limits to Cell Size

large organisms have more cells, not bigger cells

Animal Cell Does Not Have

chloroplast
tonoplast
central vacuole
plasmodesmata

Plant Cell Does Not Have

lysosome
centrioles
flagella (some plant sperm do)

Nucleus

~5um in diameter
contains most genetic material (chromosomes in chromatin DNA and protein) and nucleolus (ribosome subunit synthesis)
surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope, protein filaments called nuclear lamina that keeps shape of nucleus)

Endomembrane System

cistarnae (tubules and sacs)
continuous with nuclear envelope
two types (rough and smooth)
lipid synthesis (phospholipids, oils, steroids)
carbohydrate metabolism (mobilization of glucose from glycogen in liver)
detoxification of drugs in liver
calcium ion storage

Smooth ER Function

diverse metabolic functions

muscle cells contain enzymes that pump calcium ions from cytosol to cisternae
nerve impulse stimulate a muscle cell calcium goes from ER to cytosol triggering contraction
enzymes pump calcium back readying cell for next stimulation

Rough ER Function

protein secretion (glycoproteins carbohydrates attached to protein)
contain lipid vesicles