Chapter 6
Educational Psychology 321 with Brown at University of Wisconsin - Madison
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What is secondary education?
The system of middle schools, junior high schools and high schools.
How does enrollment in US schools today compare to the 1930's and the turn of the century?
Today nearly all adolescents are enrolled in schools and around half were during the 1930's. At the turn of the century, enrollment was only 1 in 10.
What three developments about the rise in secondary education? When did this occur?
1. Industrialization
2. Urbanization
3. Immigration
Child labor laws and education as social control for this large, unemployed population.
Turn of the twentieth century.
2. Urbanization
3. Immigration
Child labor laws and education as social control for this large, unemployed population.
Turn of the twentieth century.
What is comprehensive high school?
An educational institution that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and design to meet the needs of a diverse population of adolescents.
What is social promotion?
The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next automatically, regardless of their school performance.
What is critical thinking?
Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating and interpreting information rather than simply memorizing it.
What are the four traditional academic subjects that have been the new focus for education this last decade? What new subject has been introduced?
English, math, science and social studies.
Computer science has been introduced.
Computer science has been introduced.
What is standards-based reform?
Policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests.
What are charter schools?
Public schools that are given more freedom to set their own cirricula.
What are school vouchers?
Government-subsidized vouchers that can be used for private school tuition.
What are schools within schools?
Subdivisions of the student body within large schools created to foster feelings of belongingness.
What's a junior high school?
An educational institution designed during the early era of public secondary education in which young adolescents are schooled separately from older adolescents.
7th, 8th and sometimes 9th grade.
7th, 8th and sometimes 9th grade.
What is middle school?
An educational institution housing seventh and eighth grade students along with adolescents who are one or two years older.
8th, 7th and sometimes 6th or even 5th grade.
8th, 7th and sometimes 6th or even 5th grade.
What is tracking? What are its effects over time?
The grouping of students, according to ability, into different levels of classes within the same school grade.
It increases preexisting differences among students.
It increases preexisting differences among students.
Which academic arena finds tracking to be influenced by factors other than ability?
Math. Boys test lower but are placed in higher tracks than girls.
What are gift students?
Students who are unusually talented in some aspect of intellectual performance.
What is a learning disability?
A difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traded to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction.
What is mainstreaming?
The integration of adolescents who have educational handicaps into regular classrooms.
Whenever possible, it is mandated by federal law over segregation.
Whenever possible, it is mandated by federal law over segregation.
What is the big fish little pond effect?
Phenomenon whereby individuals who attend high school with high-achieving peers feel worse about themselves than comparably successful individuals with lower-achieving peers.
What is social capital?
Interpersonal resources that, like financial capital, give richer students advantages over poorer ones.
What are Newman's three factors which contribute to student engagement?
1. Opportunities to exhibit competency
2. Facilitate belongingness
3. Authentic, relevant work
2. Facilitate belongingness
3. Authentic, relevant work
What is the Comer School Development Program perspective?
That what takes place in families, peer groups and neighborhoods may be the stronger influence on student achievement than what takes place in classrooms.
What is zero tolerance?
A get-tough approach to adolescent misbehavior that responds seriously or excessively to the first infraction.
How safe are kids in our schools?
They are four more times likely to be struck by lightning than they are to be shot.
What kind of teacher is most effective?
An authoritative teacher, just like in parenting.
How was college enrollment in the 1950's? Today? How do minorities compare to whites today?
Around 20% of high school graduates then, and 70% now. Only 60% for minorities such as Hispanic and African American.
What fraction of students who enroll in college complete their degree within 6 years?
Half.
What fraction of students who enroll in college graduate at all?
One third.
What fraction of students who enroll in college drop out after one year?
One third.
What are the five properties of good schools?
1. Common purpose of quality education
2. Autonomous, committed teachers
3. Monitor their own progress
4. Integrated into the community
5. Students are active participants
2. Autonomous, committed teachers
3. Monitor their own progress
4. Integrated into the community
5. Students are active participants
About this deck
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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