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- Iowa
- University of Iowa
- Psychology
- Psychology 031
- Spencer
- Chapter 7 and Parts of 4
Chapter 7 and Parts of 4
Psychology 031 with Spencer at University of Iowa
About this deck
By: Brittany Dziuda
Created: 2011-04-08
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3
Created: 2011-04-08
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3
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concepts
general ideas of understandings that can be used to group together objects, events, qualities, or abstractions that are similar in some way
category hierarchy
categories that are related by set-subset relations, such as animal/dog/poodle
perceptual categorization
the grouping together of objects with similar appearances
superordinate level
the most general level within a category hierarchy, such as poodle in the animal/ dog/ poodle example
basic level
the middle level, and often the first level learned, within a category hierarchy, such as "dog" in the animal/dog poodle example
naive psychology
a commonsense level of understanding of other people and oneself
theory of mind
a basic understanding of how the mind works and how it influences behavior
false-belief problems
tasks that test a child's understanding that other people will act in accord with their own beliefs even when the child knows that those beliefs are incorrect
theory of mind module (TOMM)
a hypothesized brain mechanism devoted to understanding other human beings
pretend play
make-believe activities in which children create new symbolic relations, for example, using a broom to represent a horse
object substitution
a form of pretense in which an object is used as something other than itself
sociodramatic play
activities in which children enact mini dramas with other children or adults, such as "mother comforting baby"
essentialism
the view that living things have an essence inside them that makes them what they are
egocentric representation
coding of spatial locations relative to one's own body; without regarding to the surrounding
numerical equality
the realization that all sets of N objects have something in common
subitizing
a process by which adults and children can look at a few objects and almost immediately know how many objects are present
Problem solving
the process of attaining a goal by using a strategy to overcome an obstacle
task analysis
the research technique of identifying goals, relevant information in the environment, and potentially processing strategies for a problem
structure
the basic organization of the cognitive system, including its main components and their characteristics
processes
the specific mental activities, such as rules and strategies, that people use to remember and solve problems
sensory memory
the fleeting retention of sights, sounds, and other sensations that have just been experienced
long-term memory
information retained on an enduring basis
working (short-term) memory
a kind of workspace in which information from sensory memory and long term memory is brought together, attended to , and processed
basic processes
the simplest and most frequently used mental activities
encoding
the process of representing in memory information that draws attention or is considered important
rehearsal
the process of repeating information over and over to aid memory of it
selective attention
the process of intentionally focusing on the information that is most relevant to the current goal
over-lapping wave theories
an information-processing approach that emphasizes the variability of children's thinking
core-knowledge theories
approaches that emphasize the sophistication of infants' and young children's in areas that have been important throughout human evolutionary history
personification
generalizing knowledge about people to infer properties of other animals
sociocultural theories
approaches that emphasize that other people and the surrounding culture contribute to children's development
guided participation
a process in which more knowledgeable individuals organize activities in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to learn
cultural tools
the innumerable products of human ingenuity that enhances thinking
private speech
the second phase of Vygotsky's internalization-of-thought process, in which children develop their self regulation and problem-solving abilities by telling themselves what to do, much as their parents did in the first stage
intersubjectivity
the mutual understanding that people share during communication
joint attention
a process in which social partners intentionally focus on a common referent in the external environment
social scaffolding
a process in which more competent people provide a temporary framework that supports children's thinking at a higher level than children could manage on their own
About this deck
By: Brittany Dziuda
Created: 2011-04-08
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3
Created: 2011-04-08
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 3
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis