Chapter 7- Circulatory System

Medical Terminology 1 with Dude at University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

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By: Annie Griffin
Created: 2011-10-17
Size: 139 flashcards
Views: 7

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Circulatory system consists of...

the cardio+vascular system (heart and blood vessels) and the Lymphatic system (structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph

Blood circulates through the heart and blood vessels, carrying...

oxygen
nutrients
vitamins
antibodies
and carries away carbon dioxide

The cardiovascular system...

supplies body cells with needed substances
transports waste products for disposal
maintains the acid-base balance of the body
prevents hemorrhage through blood clotting
protects against disease
and helps regulate temperature

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart which branch many times and become arterioles

capillaries

the arterioles branch even more to become tiny vessels with one-cell-thick walls

Important feature of Capillaries

being the site where oxygen and waste carbon dioxide are exchanged

Venules

blood leaving the capillaries returns to the heart through...

venules flow into..

the veins

The veins carry blood..

back to the heart by way of the venae cavae, and before it is again pumped to the body cells, blood picks up a fresh supply of oxygen by passing through the lungs

4 chambers of the heart:

Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

In normal heart function, valves..

close and prevent backflow of blood when the heart contracts

Atrio+ventricul+ar

valves between the atria and the ventricles

Tricuspid valve

right side

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

Left side

Cuspid

small flaps that make up the atrioventricular valves

Aorta

The artery by which blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body

Semilunar

pulmonary and aortic valves (half-moon appearance)

Peri+card+ium

made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart

Visceral pericardium/ Epicardium

innermost layer of the pericardium

Endocardium

forms the lining inside the heart

myocardium

heart muscle
-the thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers that contract, resuliting in the squeezing of blood form the heart with each heartbeat

Coronary Arteries

blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart

coronary

encircling (c.a. circle heart in a crown-like fashion)

Five Types of Blood Vessels:

Arteries
veins
venules
arterioles
capillaries

Vascular

pertaining to blood vessels

-ic, -al, -ous

pertaining to

Blood pressure

the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of an artery

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

ather/o

yellow, fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

venul/o

venule

Cardiomyopathy

the general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself

myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscle

endocarditis

when infective microorganisms invade the endocardium, heart valves are frequently infected

pericarditis

inflammation of the pericardium, commonly caused by infectious microorganisms or by cancerous growth, etc.

electrocardiogram

a measurement taken with other measurements while walking on a treadmill at varying speeds and inclines

Electrocardiography

the electrical currents of the heart muscle are recorded by an electrocardiograph

Cardiac catheterization

the passage of a long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or leg or the neck

catheter

instrument used

Endo+scop+ic

this helps cardiac catheterizaiton to better see internal partt sof the haert

Endoscope

a device consisting of a tube and an optical system that allows observation of the inside of a hollow organ or cavity

-ary

pertaining to

echocardiogram

a record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall

MRI

Cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging may be performed as well as computed tomography

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

used in other areas of the body but especially helpful i examining blood flow in the heart and blood vessels

Angina Pectoris

severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself

Arrhythmia/ Dysrhythmia is more technically correct

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

Cardiomegaly

enlarged size of the heart

congenital heart defects

abnormalities present in the heart at birth; often involve the septum

Atrial Septal defects/ Ventricular septal defects

involve abnormal openings between the atria and ventricles respectively

congestive heart failure (CHF)

condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body; the work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; also called congestive heart disease; or heart failure

coronary artery disease

(CAD) abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium

coronary heart disease (CHD)

heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries

fibrillation

severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation- can sometimes be revered by a defibrillator.

Defibrillator

an electronic apparatus that delievers a shock to the heart often through the placement of electrodes on teh chest

Defibrillation

used to slow the heart or restore its normal rhythm

Heart murmur

a soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heart when listening to the heart with a stethoscope

Hyperlipidemia

excessive lipids (fats) in the blood; an elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease in most individuals

Hypertension

elevated blood pressure, usually if the first number is consistently above 140 or the second number is consistently above 100, the person is considered to have hypertension

Hypotension

low blood pressure; a blood pressure of 95/60 indicates hypotension, but each person's reading must be interpreted individually

Infarction

necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by a lack of blood supply to that area; can result from occlusion (obstruction) or stenosis (narrowing) of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue

Necrosis

death of tissue

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

is the death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation; also called acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Myocardial ischemia

deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium

Ischemia

refers to a temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part

Septal defect

defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart; usually congenital and is either an atrial or ventricular (ASD or VSD) septal defect

shock

serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood; can result in death
CAUSES: hemorrhage, infection, drug reaction, injury, poisoning, MI, and excessive emotional stress

Vasodilation

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasoconstriction

has the opposite meaning of vasodilation

Examples of lipids

cholesterol and triglycerides

When there are high levels of the two lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides...

there is a greater risk of hardening of the arteries

Angiomas

tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma) usually benign

Aorto+graphy

radiography of the aorta after the injection of a contrast medium to enhance the image of the aorta on an x-ray image- record produced is a aortogram

Aterio+graphy

radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream; image produced is a arteriogram

Angio+cardio+graphy

radiography of the heart and the great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution

angiography

general term for radiography of vessels

Hemorrhagic stroke

blood vessels bursts and allows blood to seep into brain tissue until clotting stops the seepage

Thrombotic stroke

plaque can cause a clot to form that blocks blood flow

Embolic stroke

a blood clot or other embolus reaches an artery in teh brain, lodges there and blocks the flow of blood

embolism

sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by foreign material that has been brought to the site of blockage by the circulating blood

embolus

the foreign material brought to the vessel

Thrombus

internal blood clot

Poly+arter+itis

disease that involves inflammation of many arteries

Pulse

periodic thrust felt over the arteries; it is consistent with the heartbeat

The normal pulse rate of an adult in a resting state is..

70 to 80 bpm

Varicose veins

swollen and knotted veins that occur most often in the legs; sluggish blood flow, weakened walls, and incompetent valves (varicosity)

Hemorrhoids

masses of dilated varicose veins in the anal canal; accompanied by pain, itching, and bleeding

Open heart surgery

refers to operative procedures on the heart after it has been exposed through incision of the chest wall

cardiopulmonary bypass

method used to divert blood away form the heart and lungs temporarily when surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed

Cardiopulmonary

pertaining to the heart and lungs

sinoatrial (SA) node

the heart's natural pacemaker

A heart lung pump...

collects the blood
replenishes it with oxygen

returns it to the body

Cardioversion

restoring the heart's normal rhythm using electrical shock, may be used when drug therapy is ineffective in treating a cardiac dysrhythmia

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

recommended as an emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped

provides basic life support until is is no longer needed or until more advanced life support equipment is available

Antiarrhythmic drugs

used to prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm

Digoxin

a well-known drug that is prescribed in the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias

Nitroglycerin

a coronary vasodilator that relieves the pain of angina pectoris

Thrombolytic agent

used to treat a blood clot by administering through a catheter to dissolve the clot

heparin (coumadin, warfarin)

an oral anticoagulant prescribed in the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombo+embol+ic disorders

Vasodilators

medications that cause dilation of blood vessels

Anithypertensives

agents that are used to reduce high blood pressure

Diuretics

used and act to reduce the blood volume through great excretion of water by the kidneys

Antilipidemic drugs

prescribed to lower cholesterol levels in the blood, which is generally considered to coincide with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease

Angioplasty

surgical repair of blood vessels that have become damaged by disease or injury

Balloon angioplasty

uses a balloon catheter that is inflated inside an artery to flatten the plaque against the arterial wall; a stent is sometimes inserted. this procedure may be necessary in coronary artery disease

coronary artery bypass graft

CABG-
if blockage is too severe, using venous or arterial grafts may be necessary

artherectomy

using a laser or specially designed catheter for cutting away plaque from the artery

intravascular thrombolysis

the treatment of a thrombus through a catheter using a thrombolytic agent delivered through a catheter

phlebectomy

surgical incision of the vein or segment of a vein

hemorrhoid+ectomy

surgical excision of a hemorrhoid

The primary function of the lymphatic system is to...

collect fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to the circulation

Major parts composing the lymphatic system:

lymph nodes
lymph
tonsils
thymus
spleen

tonsils

masses of lymphatic issue located in depressions of the mucous membranes of the pharynx

Palatine tonsils

the small masses located in the back of the throat

Pharyngeal tonsils

commonly called adenoids

adenoid/o

adenoids

cervic/o

neck (or the uterine cervix

Home/o

sameness

lymphat/o

lymphatics

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

thrombus, blood clot

lymphoma

general term for cancer that originates in the lymphatic system

lymphangitis

acute or chronic infllammation of lymphatic vessels that can be caused by various microorganisms

lymphangiography

radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radiopaque substance that makes them visible on xray film

lymphedema

accumulation of lymph tissue and the resultant swelling

lymphangiograms

useful for checking the integrity of the lymphatic system in lymphedema and for investigating the spread of malignant tumors

Lymphadenitis

the inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphadenopathy

any disease of the lymph nodes

lymphadenoma

tumor of a lymph node

tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

spleno+megaly

enlarged spleen and has many causes

Lymph nodes are frequently biopsied to determine...

if cancer has spread from an internal organ

Lymph+aden+ectomy

excision of a lymph node

splenectomy

the exicision of a ruptured spleen

tonsillectomy

excision of the tonsils

adenoidectomy

excision performed because the adenoids are enlarged, chronically infected, or causing obstruction

About this deck

By: Annie Griffin
Created: 2011-10-17
Size: 139 flashcards
Views: 7

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis